@Ike, I am looking for your article on burning of libraries.. Mary - TopicsExpress

@Ike, I am looking for your article on burning of libraries.. Mary Here you go.. Our Wall of Shame - Pre-occupation of man with burning libraries! In December 639 Amr ibn al-As left for Egypt with a force of 4,000 troops. Most of the soldiers belonged to the Arab tribes, although Al-Kindi mentions that one third of the soldiers belonged to the Arab tribe of Ghafik. The Arab soldiers were also joined by some Byzantine and Persian converts to Islam. However, Umar, the Muslim caliph, reconsidered his orders to Amr, thinking it foolhardy to expect to conquer such a large country as Egypt with a mere 4,000 soldiers. Accordingly, he wrote a letter to Amr commanding him to come back. He added a postscript, however: If you receive this letter when you have already crossed into Egypt, then you may proceed. Allah will help you and I will also send such reinforcements as may be needed. Many Egyptian antiquities were shattered as relics of infidelity. The great Library of Alexandria itself deemed a repository of pagan knowledge contradicting the Koran was destroyed under bin al-As’s reign and in compliance with Caliph Umar’s command. (It is suggested that the Caliph has been quoted as saying of the Librarys holdings, they will either contradict the Koran, in which case they are heresy, or they will agree with it, so they are superfluous.)..continued ... The other tragedies are Library of Ctesiphon Ancient Persia 651 AD by Invading armies of Peninsula books were thrown into the Euphrates on the order of Caliph Umar. The Library of al-Hakam II Córdoba Al-Andalus in 976 AD by Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir & religious scholars, all books consisting of ancient science were destroyed in a surge of ultra-orthodoxy. Library of Rayy Persia 1029 AD Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni . He burned the library and all books deemed as heretical. Library of Ghazna Ghurid empire 1151 AD Ala ad-Din City was sacked and burned for seven days. Libraries and palaces built by the Ghaznavids were destroyed. Library of Nishapur 1154 AD Oghuz Turks City partially destroyed, libraries sacked and burned. Nalanda University India ruins Nalanda India 1193 AD Bakhtiyar Khilji. Nalanda University complex (the most renowned repository of Buddhist knowledge in the world at the time) was sacked by Turkic Muslim invaders under Bakhtiyar Khilji; this event is seen as a milestone in the decline of Buddhism in India. continued.....

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