In the mid-1960s, the Black Panther Party developed several social programs that provided assistance to not only African Americans, but also poor whites. These were called “Survival Programs.” The above photo is of people receiving food thanks to the Community Pantry / Free Food Program, operated by party members. Other programs included Free Breakfast for Children, community health classes, free clothing, free dental work, free pest control, legal clinics / workshops, tutoring programs, and youth training. If anyone ever says that the Black Panther Party was solely focused on violence and intimidation, they are lying. In January, 1969, the Free Breakfast for School Children Program was initiated at St. Augustines Church in Oakland by the Black Panther Party. The Panthers would cook and serve food to the poor inner city youth of the area. Initially run out of a St. Augustines Church in Oakland, the Program became so popular that by the end of the year, the Panthers set up kitchens in cities across the nation, feeding over 10,000 children every day before they went to school. The Black Panther Party or BPP (originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) was a revolutionary black nationalist and socialist organization active in the United States from 1966 until 1982. Initially, the Black Panther Partys core practice was its armed citizens patrols to monitor the behavior of police officers and challenge police brutality. In 1969, community social programs became a core activity of party members. The Black Panther Party instituted a variety of community social programs, most extensively the Free Breakfast for Children Programs, and community health clinics. Federal Bureau of Investigation Director J. Edgar Hoover called the party the greatest threat to the internal security of the country, and he supervised an extensive program (COINTELPRO) of surveillance, infiltration, perjury, police harassment, and many other tactics designed to undermine Panther leadership, incriminate party members, discredit and criminalize the Party, and drain the organization of resources and manpower. The program was also accused of using assassination against Black Panther members. Government repression initially contributed to the growth of the party as killings and arrests of Panthers increased support for the party within the black community and on the broad political left, both of whom valued the Panthers as powerful force opposed to de facto segregation and the military draft. Black Panther Party membership reached a peak in 1970, with offices in 68 cities and thousands of members, then suffered a series of contractions. As concessions were made by the government on these issues, public support for the party waned, and the group became more isolated. In-fighting among Party leadership led to expulsions and defections that decimated the membership. Popular support for the Party declined further after reports appeared detailing the groups involvement in illegal activities such as drug dealing and extortion schemes directed against Oakland merchants. By 1972 most Panther activity centered on the national headquarters and a school in Oakland, where the party continued to influence local politics. Party contractions continued throughout the 1970s. By 1980 the Black Panther Party had just 27 members. The history of the Black Panther Party is controversial. Scholars have characterized the Black Panther Party as the most influential black movement organization of the late 1960s, and the strongest link between the domestic Black Liberation Struggle and global opponents of American imperialism. Other commentators have described the Party as more criminal than political, characterized by defiant posturing over substance.
Posted on: Wed, 24 Dec 2014 17:12:07 +0000
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