Reference: International journal of low carbon technologies advance access published in july4, 2012 by Ebenezer T.Igunnu and George Z.Chen, UK ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Produced Water effluent disposal specification is very stringent because the qualities of effluent need to meet EPA regulation where a government permit is necessary to limit toxicity of produced water discharged into the water. Currently, the regulations require the ‘TOTAL OIL AND GREASE’ content of the effluent water to be reduced to level ranging from between 15mg/l and 50mg/l. In general practice in use for produced water treatment is gravity based separation and discharge into the environment, which can pollute soil, surface water and underground water. For a long time, only non polar oil in water (OIW) was regulated by government, while little attention was given to dissolved organics in produced water. Current researches are paying attention to the consequence of dissolved organic components, heavy metals and production chemicals on living organisms, since their long term effects on the environment are not fully documented and understood. It has been reported that metals and hydrocarbons from oil platforms are very toxic to the ecosystem and fish exposed to alkyl phenols have disturbances in both organs and fertility. The general legislation for discharging produced water in to sea has been 40ppm OIW, but an increase in environmental concerns has made many countries to implement more stringent regulatory standards and specifications.
Posted on: Sun, 23 Jun 2013 11:27:38 +0000
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