The Extreme Complexity Of Genes - Dr. Raymond G. Bohlin https://vimeo/106012299 Sixty years on, the very definition of gene is hotly debated. We do not know what most of our DNA does, nor how, or to what extent it governs traits. In other words, we do not fully understand how evolution works at the molecular level. (DNA at 60: Still Much to Learn April 28, 2013) scientificamerican/article.cfm?id=dna-at-60-still-much-to-learn Further Thoughts on the ENCODE/Junk DNA Debates - James Shapiro - Sept. 18, 2012 Excerpt: The ENCODE scientists have learned that it is wise to avoid interpreting the data from a fixed view of genome organization. That is why they speak of DNA Elements rather than genes or any other artificial categories. They tend to restrict themselves wisely to operationally defined features, such as transcription start sites (TSSs) and splice sites at exon-intron boundaries. huffingtonpost/james-a-shapiro/further-thoughts-on-the-e_b_1893984.html Landscape of transcription in human cells – Sept. 6, 2012 Excerpt: Here we report evidence that three-quarters of the human genome is capable of being transcribed, as well as observations about the range and levels of expression, localization, processing fates, regulatory regions and modifications of almost all currently annotated and thousands of previously unannotated RNAs. These observations, taken together, prompt a redefinition of the concept of a gene.,,, Isoform expression by a gene does not follow a minimalistic expression strategy, resulting in a tendency for genes to express many isoforms simultaneously, with a plateau at about 10–12 expressed isoforms per gene per cell line. nature/nature/journal/v489/n7414/full/nature11233.html Alternative Splicing: The Film Editor of the Genome - September 9, 2014 Excerpt: The story compares alternative splicing (performed by a sophisticated molecular machine, the spliceosome) to what a movie editor does: Film editors play a critical role by helping shape raw footage into a narrative. Part of the challenge is that their work can have a profound impact on the finished product -- with just a few cuts in the wrong places, comedy can become tragedy, or vice versa. A similar process, alternative splicing, is at work inside the bodies of billions of creatures -- including humans. Just as a film editor can change the story with a few cuts, alternative splicing allows cells to stitch genetic information into different formations, enabling a single gene to produce up to thousands of different proteins. evolutionnews.org/2014/09/alternative_spl089421.html Design In DNA – Alternative Splicing, Duons, and Dual coding genes – video (5:05 minute mark) youtube/watch?v=Bm67oXKtH3s#t=305
Posted on: Sat, 13 Sep 2014 00:23:13 +0000
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