DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS Commission on Sustainable Development acting as the preparatory committee for the World Summit on Sustainable Development Second preparatory session 28 January – 8 February 2002 SECOND LOCAL AGENDA 21 SURVEY Background Paper No. 1 5 SUBMITTED BY THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FORLOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES DESA/DSD/PC2/BP1 5 Local Agenda 21 Survey Report 2 T ABLE OF C ONTENTS Executive Summary ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 3 1. Introduction ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 4 2. Methodology ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 5 Response Rate and Verification Process ................................ ................................ . 6 3. Survey Findings and Analysis ................................ ................................ ........................ 8 The Role of the National Campaign ................................ ................................ ....... 11 How Far Along are Local Agenda 21 Processes? ................................ ................. 13 What is the focus of Local Agenda 21 Processes? ................................ ................. 16 What has been Achieved Through Local Agenda 21? ................................ .......... 17 What are the Obstacles to Local Agenda 21 Implementation? .............................. 19 Where are Local Agenda 21 Processes going in the Future? ............................... 21 4. Local Agenda 12 in Practice: Experiences from Around the World ............................ 22 5. Recommendations and Conclusion ................................ ................................ ............... 24 Local Agenda 21 Regional Resources ................................ ................................ ............... 28 References ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 29 Annex 1 — Survey of Local Authority Associations Annex 2 — Survey of Local Authorities A CKNOWLEDGMENTS This survey was undertaken by the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) with the support of the UN Secretariat for the World Summit on Sustainable Development and in collaboration with the UN Development Programme Capacity 21. ICLEI would also like to acknowledge the Japan Fund for Global Environment of the Japan Environment Corporation whose support allowed us to transla te and undertake the survey in Japan, China, and Korea. The Korean Council for Local Agenda 21, the Administrative Centre for China’s Agenda 21, and the Shenyang Municipal Government also assisted with the translation and collection of the survey results. ICLEI would also like to thank Managing the Environment Locally in Sub Saharan Africa (MELISSA) for translating the survey into French and Environs Australia for their assistance in the verification process. The Centre for Environment and Development fo r the Arab Region and Europe (CEDARE) was also supportive during survey distribution and verification. ICLEI would especially like to thank all of the local authorities and local government associations who took the time to complete the survey of Local Ag enda 21. Finally, we would like to recognize the contributions of a worldwide team, in particular Sheilagh Henry and Mary Pattenden for their early work on the survey, and Karen Alebon, Jonah Engle, Sonja Klinsky and Judy Walker who coordinated the surv ey, compiled and analyzed the results, and authored the report. Local Agenda 21 Survey Report 3 E XECUTIVE S UMMARY In 1992, world leaders at the UN Conference on Environment and Development adopted Agenda 21 , the global plan of action for sustainable development. Agenda 21 included a c all to local governments to develop their own ‘local Agenda 21’ outlining local priorities. The 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development will evaluate the obstacles to progress and results achieved since 1992 while focusing on new commitments and spec ific actions to achieve sustainable development. From November 2000 to December 2001, the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives undertook a second global survey of Local Agenda 21 processes with the UN Secretariat for the World Summit on Sustainable Development and in collaboration with the UN Development Programme Capacity 21. The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the progress made in the implementation of Local Agendas 21, to explore the constraints faced by local authorities, a nd to document the support needed for these processes to grow worldwide. Local authorities and local authority associations completed separate surveys. Local governments submitted 633 surveys and associations completed 146 surveys, representing 113 count ries in total. This report presents and analyzes the results from this survey. Some key findings include the following points: • 6,416 local authorities in 113 countries have either made a formal commitment to Local Agenda 21 or are actively undertaking the process. • National campaigns are underway in 18 countries accounting for 2,640 processes. • Formal stakeholder groups exist in 73% of municipalities with Local Agenda 21 processes. • In 59% of responding municipalities the Local Agenda 21 process has been integrated into the municipal system. • Water resource management is the common priority issue for municipalities in all world regions and regardless of economic situation. • Local authorities in all regions and regardless of economic situation list lack of bo th financial support and national government political commitment as key obstacles to greater success. Survey analysis indicates that the number of Local Agenda 21 processes has increased dramatically in all regions of the world. Local governments are le ading the majority of these processes and it is essential that the realities of their experiences are taken into consideration by national governments and international programs providing support. Effective monitoring and evaluation processes responsive t o local needs will encourage a focus on action and results. The survey demonstrates that national support, as evidenced by national campaigns, greatly assists the proliferation of Local Agendas 21. There is a need to increase this support and collaborati on worldwide, although particularly in middle and lower income countries. In addition to national Local Agenda 21 campaigns, national policies that strengthen local governments’ abilities to pursue sustainable development are essential. Local Agenda 21 Survey Report 4 1. I NTRODUCT ION Since the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), known as the Earth Summit, there has been increasing awareness of the fundamental importance of local governments and their communities in responding to the sustainable development a genda. The role of local authorities was recognized at the Earth summit in Chapter 28 of Agenda 21 : Because so many of the problems and solutions being addressed by Agenda 21 have their roots in local activities, the participation and cooperation of loca l authorities will be a determining factor in fulfilling its objectives. Local authorities construct, operate and maintain economic, social and environmental infrastructure, oversee planning processes, establish local environmental policies and regulations , and assist in implementing national and subnational environmental policies. As the level of governance closest to the people, they play a vital role in educating, mobilizing and responding to the public to promote sustainable development (Chapter 28, Age nda 21, 1992). The Habitat Agenda , resulting from the second UN Conference on Human Settlements in 1996 (Habitat II), subsequently encouraged “the involvement of all interested parties at the local level in the formulation of agreements and local measures , programs and actions necessary to implement and monitor the Habitat Agenda, including inter alia Local Agenda 21 processes.” The ways in which human settlements behave and grow determine not only their own degree of health and sustainability, but also t hat of the larger global community. In 2002, the UN will hold the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Summit) to measure global progress on Agenda 21 and to encourage new commitments and specific actions to achieve sustainable developme nt. The International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) is facilitating the Local Government Preparatory Process for the Johannesburg Summit with the support of numerous local government partner organizations. This process has included regional and international consultations and experts’ meetings as well as the preparation of a dialogue paper 1 submitted to the Johannesburg Summit Secretariat. As part of this review, ICLEI, with the support of the UN Secretariat for the Johannesburg Sum mit and in collaboration with Capacity 21 (UN Development Programme), conducted an international survey of Local Agenda 21. This survey is a follow - up to the 1997 Local Agenda 21 Survey: A Study of Responses by Local Authorities and their National and Int ernational Associations to Agenda 21 , conducted by ICLEI and the UN Department for Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development (DPCSD). The current survey documents the extent to which local authorities have responded to Agenda 21 , identifies the ch allenges local authorities face and indicates the support they require to further implement sustainable development. The survey results show that since 1992, thousands of metropolises, cities, towns, and counties have been working with their communities t o generate action plans, implement sustainable development activities, and measure their progress in addressing the environmental, social, and economic needs of their communities. To further this progress, it is critical that the important work of local a uthorities and their associations be recognized and supported so they can participate more fully in the global effort to implement sustainable development. 1 Dialogue Paper by Local Authorities – Accelerating Sustainable Development: Local Action Moves the World (iclei.org/johannesburg2002/final_lgdp.pdf). Local Agenda 21 Survey Report 5 2. M ETHODOLOGY In order to assess the status of Local Agenda 21 globally, two separate surveys were prepared and distributed. The surveys were written through an international consultative process to ensure that questions were regionally relevant. Survey distribution and collection began in November 2000 and was completed in December 2001. The L ocal Agenda 21 Survey of Local Authority Associations/Institutions (herein referred to as the association survey — see Annex 1) contained 15 questions and was directed to regional, national, and international institutions, including national governments and national municipal associations. Its primary purpose was to collect quantitative data on the extent of Local Agenda 21 initiatives on a country - by - country basis. The survey was initially distributed to 327 association contacts around the world. The asso ciation survey was also sent to the National Councils for Sustainable Development, the members of the UN Development Programme Environment and Resource Group, and hundreds of additional local government association contacts identified throughout the proces s. The Local Agenda 21 Survey of Local Authorities (herein referred to as the local authority survey — see Annex 2) contained 26 questions and was directed to local councils and authorities. Its purpose was to gather in - depth qualitative information about Local Agenda 21 processes. It was initially distributed to 2,000 local authority contacts worldwide. Additional distribution was conducted by ICLEI’s regional offices and through the regional local government consultative meetings leading up to the Johann esburg Summit. Many other local government associations and organizations also assisted by distributing the survey to their members or posting it on the Internet. Both surveys were made available in hard copy, electronic PDF format, and on - line at ICLE I’s website (iclei.org/johannesburg2002). The surveys, prepared in English, were translated into Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese, French, and Korean. ICLEI’s Japan Office, with the support of the Japan Fund for Global Environment of the Japan Environment Corporation, undertook the survey in Japan, Korea and China. Completed surveys were received by mail, fax, and through the on - line survey. The primary benefit of the on - line survey was that associations and local authorities worldwide could quickly and easily have their experiences counted. One of the limitations of using this methodology is that while the survey can provide a broad overview of the state of Local Agenda 21 worldwide, it does not allow for a clear sample size to be determined . Therefore, the results cannot be analyzed within a strict statistical framework. Results have been carefully compiled and examined within these limitations. Many results have been analyzed within economically comparable groups and by the presence or abs ence of a national campaign. As in the 1997 survey, countries have been broken into three GNP (Gross National Product) categories according to World Bank classification 2 — US$0 - 755, US$756 - 9265, and US$9266 and above. These groups will be referred to throu ghout the text as low, middle and high GNP categories respectively. It should be 2 Country GNP are based on World Bank figures from 2001. Local Agenda 21 Survey Report 6 noted that the second category has the greatest variation, including municipalities in Korea, Central and Eastern Europe, and countries from almost every other region. In order to present the analysis of the survey findings in a cohesive manner, results are presented thematically. The survey questions related to each theme are identified at the beginning of each section and are subsequently referred to throughout the text. Annex 1 and 2 contain full copies of the original surveys for further reference. 3 Response Rate and Verification Process For the purposes of this assessment, Local Agenda 21 was defined as: a participatory, multistakeholder process to achieve the goal s of Agenda 21 at the local level through the preparation and implementation of a long - term, strategic plan that addresses priority local sustainable development concerns. This definition was further expanded to provide several essential criteria. As in the 1997 survey both local authorities and local authority associations were asked to use the following criteria to identify local authorities undertaking Local Agenda 21 processes: • multisectoral engagement in the planning process through a local stakehol der group which serves as the coordination and policy body for moving toward long - term sustainable development; • consultation with community partners such as community groups, non - governmental organizations, businesses, churches, government agencies, profes sional groups, and unions in order to create a shared vision and to identify proposals for action; • participatory assessment of local social, environmental, and economic needs; • participatory target setting through negotiations among key stakeholders or comm unity partners in order to achieve the vision and goals set out in a community action plan; • monitoring and reporting procedures, such as local indicators, to track progress and to allow participants to hold each other accountable to a community action plan . 3 Full answers to all questions are available on the ICLEI website (iclei.org) . Local Agenda 21 Survey Report 7 Local Authority Survey In total 633 local authorities from 65 countries submitted surveys. Of these, 89% met the above criteria and have therefore been included in the survey findings. The greatest number of local authority survey responses came from the Asia - Pacific region with Japan and the Republic of Korea having the highest representation. Local Authority Associations Survey Altogether 146 associations representing 105 countries responded to the association survey. Of these 92% indicated tha t they are involved in promoting Local Agenda 21 in some way. Associations were asked to identify municipalities they knew were involved in implementing Local Agenda 21 processes. The majority of the Local Agenda 21 processes recorded in this study were i dentified through the survey of associations. Surveys received by associations were individually verified using a variety of methods including direct interviews with respondents, comparison with other existing reports, and discussions with experts in part icular countries and regions. Respondents to the survey of associations were also asked to indicate the criteria they used to define Local Agenda 21 to ensure that their definition was similar to the one used in this survey Figure 1: Regional Breakdown of Local Authority Responses Asia Pacific 59.8% Europe 20.4% Latin America 4.5% North America 8.1% Africa 6.7% Middle East 0.5% Figure 2: Regional Breakdown of Association Responses Africa 17% Asia-Pacific 20% Latin America 15% Europe 30% Middle East 7% North America 11% Local Agenda 21 Survey Report 8 (Figure 3). In order for t he municipalities identified to be included in the survey results, it was necessary for the association to use the following criteria to define Local Agenda 21. Figure 3: Criteria used to define Local Agenda 21 or Similar Sustainable Development Process (association survey question 6). Criteria it must include a participatory process with local citizens it must include a consensus on a vision for a sustainable future it must address economic, social, and ecological needs together it must establish a roundtable, stakeholder group, forum, or equivalent multisectoral community group to oversee the process it must prepare an action plan it must prepare an action plan with concrete long - term targets it must establish indicators to monitor progress it m ust establish a monitoring and reporting framework The association survey also attempted to identify the number of municipalities actively engaged in Local Agenda 21. In order to be considered “active” for the purposes of this study, municipalities must have moved beyond making a formal commitment to Local Agenda 21. For instance, they may have begun a consultative process with citizens or started preparing an action plan. The information was gathered through associations related to the level of activi ty and should be considered an estimate. This survey analysis errs on the conservative side and may not have counted some active municipalities, as information of this type was difficult to attain and to verify. 3. S URVEY F INDINGS AND A NALYSIS This stu dy revealed that as of December 2001, 6,416 local governments in 113 countries were involved in Local Agenda 21 (LA21) activities. Of these, 44% of municipalities were actively undertaking Local Agenda 21 programs while the remaining were committed to the process but may not have moved beyond this stage. This is a significant increase since 1997, when the survey reported 1,812 Local Agenda 21 processes in 64 countries. Figure 4 summarizes the processes accepted for the purposes of this study. These resul ts were compiled from both surveys, although the majority of processes (5,853) were identified through the survey of associations. The survey results clearly demonstrate that Local Agenda 21 processes have been expanding worldwide. Since the 1997 survey, processes were identified in 49 additional countries. There are however differences in the level of implementation under different conditions including economic and regional variations. Developed countries have more than three times the number of Local A genda 21s compared to 1997. Major strides are also being made in the lower GNP categories. In the mid - range GNP category, the total number of Local Agendas 21 has jumped from only 118 to 833. Regionally however, the greatest participation is evidenced i n Europe where 5,292 municipalities have committed to the process. These results show dramatic growth of Local Agenda 21 processes in the past five years. Local Agenda 21 Survey Report 9 Figure 4, which organizes Local Agenda 21 activity by GNP, shows the number of municipalities enga ged in this process in each country and by world region. In reviewing the numbers, it must be recognized that there are great variations in the size and number of municipalities in each country. For example, in Germany, where there is no official nationa l campaign, Local Agenda 21 activities are supported and carefully tracked by local government associations, which report that over 2,000 local councils have passed resolutions of intent to undertake a Local Agenda 21 process. These 2,000 local government s represent 12% of Germany’s total number of municipalities. In contrast, Sweden has a strong national campaign and though the total number of Local Agenda 21 processes underway is only 289, this represents almost 100% of Swedish local authorities. Figur e 4. Results of Local Agenda 21 Survey by GNP. REGION Low GNP (US$0 - 755) # of LA21s Mid GNP (US$756 - 9265) # of LA21s High GNP (US$9,266+) # of LA21s AFRICA Benin 1 Algeria 3 Burundi 2 Egypt 7 Cameroon 1 Gabon 1 Congo, Dem. Rep. 2 Libya 2 Ghana 3 Morocco 5 Kenya 11 Namibia 5 Madagascar 5 South Africa 20 Mali 2 Tunisia 1 Malawi 4 Mauritania 1 Mozambique 2 Nigeria 5 Rwanda 1 Senegal 3 Sudan 1 Tanzania 13 Togo 2 Uganda 5 Zambia 4 Zimbabwe 39 20 Countries 107 8 Countries 44 151 Local Agendas 21 in 28 Countries ASIA Bangladesh 2 P.R. China 25 Australia 176 PACIFIC India 14 Korea, Rep. 172 Japan 110 Indonesia 8 Malaysia 9 New Zealand 37 Mongolia 22 Philippines 28 Singapore 1 Nepal 4 Sri Lanka 24 Pakistan 1 Thailand 21 Vietnam 20 7 Countries 71 6 Countries 279 4 Countries 324 674 Local Agendas 21 in 17 Countries EUROPE Albania 7 Aus tria 64 Bosnia & Herzegovina 1 Belgium 106 Bulgaria 22 Denmark 216 Croatia 20 Finland 303 Cyprus 1 France 69 Czech Republic 42 Germany 2,042 Local Agenda 21 Survey Report 10 REGION Low GNP (US$0 - 755) # of LA21s Mid GNP (US$756 - 9265) # of LA21s High GNP (US$9,266+) # of LA21s EUROPE Estonia 29 Greece 39 Continued Hungary 9 Iceland 37 Latvia 5 Ireland 29 Li thuania 14 Italy 429 Montenegro 2 Luxembourg 69 Poland 70 Netherlands 100 Romania 12 Norway 283 Russia 29 Portugal 27 Slovak Republic 30 Spain 359 Slovenia 3 Sweden 289 Ukraine 9 Switzerland 83 Yugoslavia 18 United Kingdom 4 25 18 Countries 323 18 Countries 4969 5,292 Local Agendas 21 in 36 Countries LATIN Nicaragua 5 Argentina 1 AMERICA Bolivia 1 Brazil 36 Chile 15 Colombia 6 Costa Rica 4 Cuba 2 Dominica 1 Ecuador 13 Guyana 1 Honduras 6 Jamaica 5 Mexico 2 Peru 17 Trinidad & Tobago 1 Venezuela 3 1 Country 5 16 Countries 114 119 Local Agendas 21 in 17 Countries MIDDLE Iran 2 Bahrain 1 EAST Jordan 4 Israe l 3 Lebanon 6 Kuwait 1 Oman 1 Qatar 1 Saudi Arabia 4 Syria 2 Turkey 50 United Arab Emirates 2 Yemen 2 9 Countries 73 4 Countries 6 79 Local Agendas 21 in 13 Countries NORTH C anada 14 AMERICA USA 87 2 Countries 101 101 Local Agenda 21s in 2 Countries SUBTOTAL 28 Countries 183 57 Countries 833 28 Countries 5,400 TOTAL 6,416 Worldwide in 113 Countries Local Agenda 21 Survey Report 11 The Role of the National Campaign As was iden tified in the 1997 survey, the presence of a national campaign directed at Local Agenda 21 has critical implications for the spread of such processes. National campaigns promoting Local Agenda 21 processes can be found in 18 countries that together accoun t for 41% of the global total (2,640 of 6,416 — See Figure 5). In order for a given campaign to be considered a "national Local Agenda 21 campaign" for the purpose of this study it had to fulfil the following criteria: • it may be run either by national go vernment or by some other body but it must be national in scope, reaching out to all local governments; • it must provide support consisting of either direct financial support or resources such as publications, workshops, information sharing, and it may inc lude changes to national policy; • it must be strongly linked to the definition of Local Agenda 21, including the need for public participation, multistakeholder groups and the consideration of social, environmental, and economic needs together. Figure 5: Results of Local Agenda 21 Survey in the Presence of National Campaigns. Region No National Campaign Present National Campaign AFRICA Algeria 3 Mozambique 2 South Africa 20 Benin 1 Libya 2 Burundi 2 Namibia 5 Cameroon 1 Nigeria 5 Congo , De m.Rep. 2 Rwanda 1 Egypt 7 Senegal 3 Gabon 1 Sudan 1 Ghana 3 Tanzania 13 Kenya 11 Togo 2 Madagascar 5 Tunisia 1 Mali 2 Uganda 5 Malawi 4 Zambia 4 Mauritania 1 Zimbabwe 39 Morocco 5 Subtotal — 131 LA21s Subtotal — 20 LA2 1s ASIA Bangladesh 2 Pakistan 1 Australia 176 PACIFIC India 14 Philippines 28 P. R. China 25 Indonesia 8 Singapore 1 Japan 110 Malaysia 9 Thailand 21 Korea, Rep. 172 Nepal 4 Vietnam 20 Mongolia 22 New Zealand 37 Sri Lanka 24 Subtotal — 145 Subt otal — 529 EUROPE Albania 7 Lithuania 14 Denmark 216 Austria 64 Luxembourg 69 Finland 303 Belgium 106 Montenegro 2 Iceland 37 Bosnia & Herzegovina 1 Netherlands 100 Ireland 29 Bulgaria 22 Poland 70 Italy 429 Croatia 20 Portugal 27 Norway 283 Cyp rus 1 Romania 12 Sweden 289 Czech Republic 42 Russia 29 United Kingdom 425 Estonia 29 Slovak Republic 30 France 69 Slovenia 3 Local Agenda 21 Survey Report 12 Region No National Campaign Present National Campaign EUROPE Germany 2,042 Spain 359 Continued Greece 39 Switzerland 83 Hungary 9 Ukraine 9 Latvia 5 Yugoslavia 18 Subtotal — 3,281 LA21s Subtotal — 2,011 LA21s LATIN Argentina 1 Guyana 1 Ecuador 13 AMERICA Bolivia 1 Honduras 6 Peru 17 Brazil 36 Jamaica 5 Chile 15 Mexico 2 Colombia 6 Nicaragua 5 Costa Rica 4 Trinidad and Tobago 1 Cuba 2 Venezuela 3 Dominica 1 Subtotal — 89 LA21s Subtotal — 30 LA21s MIDDLE Bahrain 1 Oman 1 Turkey 50 EAST Iran 2 Qatar 1 Israel 3 Syria 2 Jordan 4 Saudi Arabia 4 Kuwait 1 United Arab Emirates 2 Lebanon 6 Yemen 2 Subtotal — 29 LA21s Subtotal — 50 L A21s NORTH Canada 14 USA 87 AMERICA Subtotal — 101 LA21s SUBTOTAL No National Campaign — 3,776 National Campaign — 2,640 TOTAL 6,416 LA21s Worldwide in 113 Countries National campaigns are most common in Europe and in the Asia - Pacific region (Figure 6) . In Europe, eight countries with national campaigns account for 2,011 processes. The Asia - Pacific region has six countries with active national campaigns. The number of Local Agenda 21 processes in these countries has increased from 89 in 1997, to 529 i n 2001. Figure 6: Summary of Local Agenda 21 Processes in Countries with National Campaigns. Africa Asia - Pacific Europe Latin America Middle East North America TOTAL Number of Countries with National Campaigns 1 6 8 2 1 0 18 Number of Local Agenda 21 Processes 20 529 2,011 30 50 0 2,640 The presence of a national campaign correlates directly with both high numbers of Local Agenda 21 processes in a country and the degree of activity of such processes. Based on the association survey results, countrie s with national campaigns are 35% more likely to have “active” processes suggesting that these campaigns encourage municipalities to move beyond commitment. This is not to say that Local Agenda 21 processes undertaken in the absence of a national campaign are less active. This survey indicated that there are few differences in the Local Agenda 21 process of active municipalities in countries with national campaigns and in those without such campaigns. For example, the presence of a national campaign did not influence the degree of Local Agenda 21 Survey Report 13 stakeholder involvement, the obstacles faced, or the achievements made by municipalities actively involved in Local Agenda 21 (local authority questions 10, 14, 20, 21). How Far Along are Local Agenda 21 Processes? Progress of Local Agenda 21 processes can be assessed based on a number of factors, including the degree to which action plans, sustainable development policy and monitoring are underway, as well as the degree to which stakeholders are involved as formal partners in the process. Responses to the following local authority survey questions allow for analysis of the maturing of Local Agenda 21 processes. Local Authority Survey Questions: 4. Has your Council adopted or prepared a vision statement, or commitment to susta inable development? 5. Has your Council adopted or prepared a local action plan referring to sustainable development? 6. Has your Council adopted or prepared an environmental/sustainable development policy? 7. Has your Council adopted or prepared a state o f the environment or monitoring report? 10. What role does the stakeholder (multi - sectoral partnership) group play in the LA21 or SD process? 11. What role does the local authority play in the LA21 or SD process? 12. What participation methods have been us ed to engage the public in the Local Agenda 21 or sustainable development process? 13. Identify formal partners in the LA21 or SD process by sector and indicate the support they are providing to the process. A typical Local Agenda 21 framework progresses from partnerships and stakeholder identification, through visioning, community - based issue analysis, action planning, implementation and monitoring (Figure 7). 4 Figure 7: Stages of Local Agenda 21 Process (questions 4 - 7). LA21 Municipal Planning Documen ts Vision Statement Local Action Plan Sustainable Development Policy Monitoring Report Municipalities completing document 52% 61% 39% 34% Average Year Adopted 1999 1999 1998 1999 Documents developed with stakeholder participation 83% 89% 77% 63% Level of Community Participation 5 Medium Medium Medium High Documents using Indicators 52% 55% 51% 70% Average Document Time Frame 6 4 years 4 years 2 years 1 year 4 The Local Agenda 21 Framework is further discussed in the Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide (ICLEI. 1996. Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide .). The following definitions are used in this document: Action Plan : a document that outlines the path of community a ction. Specific goals, targets, action strategies and commitments will be included. Visioning : a process of evaluating present conditions, identifying problem areas, and bringing about a community wide consensus on how to overcome existing problems and m anage change. Indicators: factors that indicate whether or not a target is being met and that can be used as a performance measure. 5 Based on ranking participation from 1 to 5. 6 The average number of years for which the vision statement, local action pl an, sustainable development policy or monitoring report is valid.
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