Lets venture into some cities that are mentioned in the great epic Mahabharata and find out their geographical position in the present India. Gandhar: (Sindh Pradesh, Rawalpindi) This is an ancient city of Mahabharata times situated to the west of River Sindhu in Sindhu Pradesh. Dhritrashtra’s wife Gandhari was the daughter of King Kubal of Gandhar. Gandhari’s brother Shakuni was Duryodhan’s maternal uncle who defeated Pandavas by fraud in gamble and became one of the reasons of the war of Mahabharata. Takshashila: (Rawalpindi, present day Pakistan) Takshashila was an ancient city of Mahabharata time and capital of Gandhar Desh. Dhritrashtra’s wife Gandhari was the daughter of King Subal of Gandhar. After the war of Mahabharata when the Pandavas left for Himalayas, Parikshit was crowned the King. He died due to a snake bite. Then to take revenge of his death, Parikshit’s son Janmejay performed a “Nagyagya” in Takshashila and had killed many snakes. Kekaya Pradesh: (North border of Jammu and Kashmir) Kekaya Pradesh was an ancient city of the Mahabharata times. Jaysen, the King of Kekaya was married to Radhadevi, sister of Vasudev. His son Vind was a friend of Jarasandh and Duryodhan. He wanted to get his sister married to Duryodhan but she loved Krishna and so married Krishna. During the period of Mahabharata, Kekaya Pradesh was famous for its valorous warriors. Jaysen’s son Vind supported the Kauravas in the war of Mahabharata. Madra Desh: (Other side of the Himalayas in the North, Jammu- Kashmir) There was an ancient state on the other side of the Himalayas in the North which was called as Madra Desh in Vedic times. According to Aitrai Brahmin, since this was located in the North of the other side of the Himalayas it is also called Uttarkuru. During the time of Mahabharata, Shalya was the King of Madra Desh. His sister Madri was married to Pandu. Sahadev and Nakul were Madri’s sons. For the Rajsurya Yagya organized by Yudhishthir, residents of Madra had come with gifts for Yudhishthir. Ujjanak: (Nainital, Uttar Pradesh) This was an ancient city near Kashipur, Nainital district, Uttar Pradesh. Guru Dronacharya had taught archery to the Pandavas and Kauravas over here. On Guru Dronacharya’s orders, Kunti’s son Bhima had established Shivlinga here. That is why this place is also called Bhimshankar. There is a huge temple of Lord Shiva over here. Few scholars consider this Shivlinga one of the twelve Jyotirlingas. Shivi Desh: (South Punjab, North border of India) Shivi desh was located on the north border of India in South Punjab. The grandson of the generous King Ushinar was Shaivya who had got his daughter Devika married to Yudhishthir. In the war of Mahabharata, Shaivya played a major role of an archer from the side of the Pandavas. Banganga: (Kurukshetra, Punjab, now Haryana) This is a place of pilgrimage located three kilometers away from Kurukshetra. After being injured in the war of Mahabharata, Bhisma Pitamah had laid down here on Sharsaiya (bed of arrows). On being asked by Bhisma for water, Arjun shot an arrow in the ground and a stream of the water of Ganga came out and went straight into Bhisma Pitamah’s mouth and quenched his thirst. Kurukshetra: (Ambala, Punjab, now Haryana) Famous as the battlefield of the war of Mahabharata, Kurukshetra is situated forty kilometers to the East of Ambala city. In ancient times, Brahmaji had organized a yagya here. That time this was an extensive land area. In those days it was known as the altar for sacrifice of Lord Brahma. Lord Krishna had revealed the sermon of Gita before the war of Mahabharata at this place. Today a lake named Brahma Sarovar here is very famous for its glory. At the time of a Solar eclipse pilgrims from distant places come here to take a dip in this lake. According to the Bhagwat, before the war of Mahabharata at this place. Today a lake named Brahma Sarovar here is very famous for its glory. At the time of a Solar eclipse pilgrims from distant places come here to take a dip in this lake. According to the Bhagwat, before the war of Mahabharata, Lord Krishna along with other members of Yaduvansh had come here for a dip in the Brahmakund. Hastinapur: (near Meerut, Uttar Pradesh) Hastinapur, located near Meerut in Uttar Pradesh was the grand city of Mahabharata time. This was the capital of the Kauravas and the Pandavas. Hastinapur has witnessed many famous incidences described in Mahabharata. Here, Yudhishthir lost his brothers and Draupadi along with his wealth in the game of gamble. Krishna had visited the court of Dhritrashtra being a peace messenger of the Pandavas. Before the birth of the Pandavas and Kauravas, Bhisma had taken an oath here to not to marry in life and let go of his right to the throne as his father Shantanu wanted to marry a boatman’s daughter Satyavati. After winning the war of Mahabharata, Pandavas made Hastinapur as their capital. Varnavat: (Near Meerut, Uttarpradesh) It is a city located near Meerut in Uttarpradesh as described in Mahabharata. It was here that Duryodhan had built a Lakshgriha (wax house) to kill the Pandavas. This city is situated on the banks of River Ganga. To avoid the war of Mahabharata, Pandavas had asked for five villages from the Kauravas, Varnavat was one of these five cities. Even today there is a small village here named Barnava which reminds one of the Mahabharata periods. Panchal Pradesh: (near Himalayas, Uttar Pradesh) As mentioned in Mahabharata, Panchal Pradesh was located between the Himalayas and the River Chamba on both sides of the River Ganga. Once when the King of Panchal got the news of an attack from the King of Ayodhya, he said that his five (panch) sons only were enough to fight the war. Since then it was called “Panchal”. During the time of Mahabharata half of Panchal was owned by King Drupad and the other half was owned by Dronacharya. Draupadi was daughter of the King Drupad and married to Arjun after he won over her in the Swayamvar. Draupadi was named “Panchali” as she was the princess of Panchal. Indraprastha: (South of present day New Delhi): Indraprastha was a grand city situated on the South of present day New Delhi. The Pandavas had established this city after destroying Khandav Van (forest). Vishwakarma, the architect of the devtas (deities) had designed this city. This city was the capital of the Pandavas. Even today, there is a small town named Indraprastha which reminds of the ancient town Indraprastha. Vrindavan: (Mathura, Uttarpradesh) Vrindavan is situated ten kilometers away from Mathura in Uttarpradesh. Vrinda had observed penance here to attain Krishna, since then this place is known as Vrindavan. Vrindavan is the place of Lord Krishna’s Bal- leelayen (playful acts done in childhood). Lord Krishna had played Rasleela with the gopis in Vrindavan. Even today Rasleela is the main attraction of this place. There are many famous temples here, of which the temple of Bankebihari and Radhavallabh is very famous. The only events held here are the Shringar (ornamenting) on Sharad Purnima (full moon day of Ashvin- October or November) and Aarti (praying God with a lighted lamp) on Krishna Janmashtami. Gokul: (Uttar Pradesh) Gokul is situated on the banks of River Yamuna, eight kilometers away from Mathura. To protect Krishna from Kans, Vasudev had left Krishna at his friend Nandrai’s house in Gokul. Krishna and his elder brother Balram were brought up in Gokul. Shri Krishna revealed the sermon of Gita to Arjun before the war of Mahabharata and became Arjun’s charioteer during the war. Balram taught the art of mace fight to Bhima and Duryodhan. Barsana: (Uttar Pradesh) Barsana, 21 km from Govardhan Mountain, has four hilltops that represent the four faces of Brahma the Creator. Each hilltop is associated with some incident from Krishnas life. On Mor Kutir top, he danced guised as a peacock to win the love of Radha. Radha’s parents lived in Barsana. The house of Radhas father is atop the Brahma Hill in Barsana. On this site is the Larily Lal (an endearing name for Radha) temple. Mathura: (Uttar Pradesh) Located on the banks of the River Yamuna, Mathura was a famous place of pilgrimage during Mahabharata period. In the Dwapar Age, the Kshatriyas of King Shursen’s lineage made this as their capital. Shri Krishna was born here. Shri Krishna killed the oppressor Kans, son of King Ugrasen and got back Ugrasen his throne. After the fight in between the Yaduvanshis, when the Yadavas were killed, Yudhishthir crowned Brijnath, great grandson of Krishna the King of Mathura. Angadesh (Malini Nagari): (Gonda, Uttar Pradesh) Malini Nagari was the capital of an ancient region of the Gonda district in Uttar Pradesh. Duryodhan had throned Karna the King of this state. Duryodhan had received this state as a gift from Jarasandh. The capital Malini Nagari is a Shaktipeeth. According to the Puranas, Sati’s right hand after being cut by the chakra of Vishnu had fallen here. Naimisharanya: (Uttar Bharat) Near the Gomati Station of Northern Railway, on the banks of the River Gomati is situated a place of pilgrimage named Naimisharanya. According to an ancient story, to find out the right place to perform a Gyansatra (sacrifice) Saint Shonak swirled the Chakra given by Lord Brahma. Brahmaji had said that on swirling the Chakra, wherever the circumference of the wheel will fall, that place will be the perfect place for the sacrifice to be performed. The circumference of the Chakra fell in a Tapovan (a forest in which ascetics perform religious austerities) on the banks of the River Gomati and became famous as a place of pilgrimage. Here only at the time of the Yagya of Shonak Rishi, Ugrashruva said the story of Mahabharata. During the time of the war of Mahabharata, Balram had also visited this place while going on a pilgrimage. Kaushambi: (Uttar Pradesh) Kaushambi was the capital of Vatsa desh during the Mahabharata period and situated to the south of River Ganga near present day city of Allahabad. The residents of Vatsa desh had supported Kauravas in the war of Mahabharata. Later, Kuruvanshis took over this state. Parikshit’s son Janmejay had made Kaushambi his capital. Kashi: (Uttar Pradesh) The ancient city of Mahabharata period, Kashi was famous as the chief education centre of India. Bhisma Pitamah had won over Amba, Ambika and Ambalika, the three daughters of Kashi King. Bhisma wanted to get them married to Vichitravirya. Amba was in love with Shalya, brother of Shishupal, so she refused to marry Vichitravirya. So Ambika and Ambalika were married to Vichitravirya. Dhritrashtra was Ambika’s son and Pandu was Ambalika’s son. Dhritrashtra’s sons were called Kauravas and Pandu’s sons were called Pandavas. The war of Mahabharata was fought between the Kauravas and the Pandavas. Ekachakranagari: (Aarah, Bihar) During the period of Mahabharata, Aarah was known as Ekachakranagari. After being saved from the Lakshgriha, Pandavas had lived in Ekachakranagari for few days at a Brahmin’s house. Every day one person was being sent from Ekachakranagari for the food of a giant named Bakasur. One day, it was this Brahmin’s turn where Pandavas were staying. To save the Brahmin, Bhima went to Bakasur in place of him and killed him. It was here only that Bakasur’s son Bhishak had caught hold of the horse of Yudhishthir’s Ashvamedh Yagya and later was killed by Arjun. Magadh: (South Bihar) The ancient name of present day South Bihar was Magadh. During the time of Mahabharata, Jarasandh ruled Magadh. Asti and Prapti, two daughters of Jarasandh were married to Kans. After Krishna killed Kans, he became an enemy of Jarasandh. Jarasandh attacked Mathura many times. For the Rajsurya Yagya performed by Yudhishthir, Krishna, Arjun and Bhima went to Magadh in the disguise of Brahmins and Bhima killed Jarasandh while wrestling. In the war of Mahabharata, the residents of Magadh had supported the Pandavas. Pundrudesh: (Bihar) A part of Bihar was known as Pundru Desh during the time of Mahabharata. The King Pondrak of this region was a friend of Jarasandh and thought himself to be Krishna. He used to dress up like Krishna. He used to make himself famous in the names of “Vasudev” and “Purshottam”. He was present at the Swayamvar (a choice made by a princess of her husband in public) of Draupadi. Due to his ego, he challenged Krishna to discard his dress or else get ready for a fight. Krishna fought with him and killed him. According to one more mention, when Jarasandh attacked Mathura, Pondrak was with him. Later he attacked Dwarka and was killed by Krishna there. Pragjyotishpur: (Gowhati, Assam) The capital of ancient Assam state, Pragjyotishpur was located near present day Gowhati. During the Mahabharata times Narkasur was the King of this state. He had made sixteen thousand girls his captive. He fought a battle with Lord Krishna. Shri Krishna killed Narkasur and took all the sixteen thousand girls to Dwarka and married them. Later, Bhagdutt, the ruler of Pragjyotishpur fought the war of Mahabharata from the side of the Kauravas and was killed by Arjun. Here, near the Neelkanth Mountain is the famous temple of Kamakhya Devi built by Narkasur. Kamakhya: (Assam) Kamakhya was a famous Shaktipeeth city, ten kilometers away from Gowhati in Assam. During the time of Mahabharata, Narkasur had built here a temple of Kamakhya Devi. According to Bhagwat Purana, when Lord Shiva was roaming around like a man in despair with the dead body of Sati, then Lord Vishnu with the help of his Sudarshan Chakra (a divine discus which swirls around his index finger), cut Sati’s dead body into pieces and dropped them one by one, so that Shiva gets released off this weight and returns to being normal. There were fifty one pieces of the dead body of Sati cut by Lord Vishnu and the places on the earth where they fell are known as Shaktipeeth. Each Shaktipeeth is connected with one of the body part of Sati. Kamakhya in Assam is where the Yoni (vagina) of Sati fell and is considered a very powerful centre of Shakti (female) worship. Kamakhya is worshipped by the Tantriks (spiritual person). Manipur: (East India) Surrounded by Nagaland, Assam, Mizoram and Burma, Manipur was the ancient city of Mahabharata times. Manipur’s King Chitravahan had a daughter named Chitraganda. She was married to Arjun and had a valorous son named Babhruvahan. After King Chitravahan died, Babhruvahan was crowned the King of Manipur as Chitravahan did not have any son. Babhruvahan had taken part in the Rajsurya Yagya performed by the Pandavas. Sindhu Desh: (Sindh- Punjab, Mohan-jo-Daro) The ancient Sindhu Desh of Mahabharata time was famous for art-literature and commercebusiness. The King Jaydrath of Sindhu desh was married to Dushaala, daughter of Dhritrashtra. In the war of Mahabharata, Jaydrath supported the Kauravas. Jaydrath was the chief reason of the death of Arjun’s son Abhimanyu who was caught up in the Chakravyuh. To take revenge of Abhimanyu’s death, Arjun killed Jaydrath. Matsya Desh: (North Rajasthan) Matsya Desh located in the North region of present day Rajasthan was one of the chief states of the Mahabharata times. Its capital was Viraatnagari. Pandavas had lived here at the King Viraat’s palace in the disguise for one year as they were to live incognito after the exile. During this time, King Viraat’s brother-in-law and commander Kichak set a bad eye on Draupadi and was killed by Bhima. Arjun’s son Abhimanyu was married to King Viraat’s daughter Uttara. There is a mention of Matsya Desh even in the Vedic times. Muchhkand Tirth: (Dhoulpur, Rajasthan) In the times of Mahabharata, there was a dangerous mountain range in Dhoulpur, Rajasthan. After winning over Mathura, when Kaalyavan followed Krishna, Krishna hid himself in a cave in this mountain range and covered Muchhkand who was sleeping there with his Pitambar (yellow cloth). Kaalyavan woke up Muchhkand and moment Muchhkand set his eyes on Kaalyavan, he was reduced to ashes. After the war of Mahabharata when the Pandavas left for Himalayas and after Krishna’s departure to Golok, Kalyug first stepped here.
Posted on: Tue, 04 Mar 2014 03:12:47 +0000
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