b = y intercept of a line (Some statistics books use b0.) CLT = Central Limit Theorem d = difference between paired data df or ν “nu” = degrees of freedom in a Student’s t or χ² distribution E = margin of error, a/k/a maximum error of the estimate f = frequency f/n = relative frequency Ho = null hypothesis H1 or Ha = alternative hypothesis IQR = interquartile range, Q3−Q1 m = slope of a line (The TI-83 uses a and some statistics books use b1.) n = sample size, number of data points, or number of trials in a probability experiment p = probability value. In binomial probability distributions p is the probability of “success” (however defined) on any one trial and q = 1−p is the probability of “failure” (the only other possibility) on any one trial. In hypothesis testing, p is the calculated p-value, the probability that rejecting the null hypothesis would be a wrong decision. In tests of population proportions, p stands for population proportion and p̂ for sample proportion (see table above). You have to rely on context to know what “p” means. P(A) = the probability of event A. (Sometimes P′(A) is used to distinguish the experimental probability of event A from the theoretical probability.) P(AC) = probability of not-A, the probability that A does not happen P80 or P80 = 80th percentile (Pk or Pk = k-th percentile) Q1 or Q1 = first quartile (Q3 or Q3 = third quartile) R² = coefficient of determination SEM = standard error of the mean (symbol is σx̅) SEP = standard error of the proportion (symbol is σp̂) x = a variable or a data value (raw score). As a column heading, x means a series of data values. ŷ “y-hat” = predicted average y value for a given x, found by using the regression equation
Posted on: Mon, 18 Nov 2013 03:41:33 +0000
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