Burma, also known as Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Is one of Southeast Asia. On April 1, 1937 broke away from the Government of British India as a result of a ballot on survival under the control of the colony of British India or independence to be a British colony separate, where she was one of the states of British India consisting of the Federation of several states are Burma and Karen and Kappa, Shan and Kachin launched. In 1940 he formed a militia comrades Thirty independence army Burmese which is an armed force involved in the expulsion of the British occupation, has won led comrades Thirty military training in Japan, has returned with the Japanese invasion in 1941, making Myanmar the focus of the front lines in the Second World War between Britain and Japan, in July 1945, after the end of World War II in favor of the Allies restored Britain annexed as a colony, so that the internal conflict between the Burmese themselves were divided between pro-British and pro-Japan and shows for both interventions, has gained independence finally in 1948 and separated from British colonialism. And differs from the population of Burma where ethnic composition and language because of the multiplicity of the constituent elements of the state, and speaks predominantly Burmese language and called on them (Alborman) and the rest of the population speak multiple languages, and between groups, multiple groups of Staff, and living in the southern part of the Heights, the pillars of Puma and groups Alkashen spreads Islam between these groups. Etymology The name Burma comes from the Burmese word Bamar. Depending on the weakness of pronunciation Albormaon has uttered the word Burma as Bama or Maanma. Site Is one of the countries of East Asia and is located along the Gulf Alpangal.thd Field of north-east China, and is bordered by India and Bangladesh from the north-west, and shares borders of Burma, with both Laos and Thailand, while its southern border coasts overlooking the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean and extends the arm from Burma towards the south east in the Malay Peninsula, and limited land between latitudes north of the equator ten and twenty-eight in the north and has occupied Britain Field at the end of the nineteenth century until independence in 1948, and is the Yangon (Rangoon now) its largest city as it was the former capital of the country. The introduction of Islam Field Rakhine State and known by its ancient Arakan Islam entered Burma through the province, Arakan by Arab traders in the era of Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid, says of the famous seen. Me. Asmart author of the book Burma Gazetteer: it was the Arab traders close link with the people of Arakan since before 788 AD. And they were at that time the definition of Islam in front of them as soon as possible, and was Rahmbri Port Island in southern Arakan household name among Arab sailors in the chest first. It Alokhbarallwardh many in the coming of the Arabs to Arakan during the eighth century and their settlement in which: that Ostoasgara to their ships commercial crash as a result of a clash with the rocks of the coast of the sea near the islands Rahmbri and Hdoba and merchants desperate after having escaped from drowning in the sea refuge in local villages, and began the spread of Islam and to call God Almighty among its people, and Kthermenhm settled there and forever settled and married local girls. Islam came to this country without any political or military activity; but thanks to the spread of Islam Muslims high moral qualities which Atsvo out, that morality and noble qualities which characterized by the Arabs (Muslims) was the cause of the population of Arakan accept Islam. And continues to spread Islam in this region with all the advantages and all the creative speed up the centuries. Says historian GE Harvey (GEHarvey) in his book (Outline of Murmese History): After the tenth century the country was still in spite of the spread of Buddhist religion and the spread of Mohammedan mosques, there is no doubt that the Islamic influence that led to the veil of women in Arakan than in Field . In the thirteenth century, built beautiful mosques and exquisite and popped into being on the coast of Assam to Malaya and was looking from afar Kalnqt, and these are called Almsagdb Badr Maqam And put Nramakhalh Sulaiman Shah in 1430 the foundation stone of the first Islamic state in Arakan cooperation of the governor of Bengal Muslim Sultan Jalal al-Din Shah, was the refuge is in the year 1406 to Gore when the governor of Bengal after they raided the king of Burmas Buddhist on the Arakan and destroyed its capital to Ngrit. It was then Nramakhalh Buddhist religion. Was Nramakhalh resided in the Valley 24 years ago and gave up during his stay there, and Achtarlnevsh name of the Islamic (Suleiman Shah), and in 1430 he sent the Sultan Jalal al-Din Shah, a large army numbering 50,000 troops, led by Gen. Lee Khan - the commander of the military to the east Pangal- attacked the occupying forces Buddhism and expelled them, but Khan and treachery and took the same office, he returned Suleiman Shah disappointed and a loser, and told the Sultan about betrayal Crown Khan, he sent the Sultan another army is stronger than the former, led by Gen. Cindy Khan, regaining the throne of Arakan to Suleiman Shah again and catch the Crown Khan traitor and sent to the Sultan .. He spent Nramakhalh period of his tiles Gore to collect the concepts developed in the field of mathematical sciences, natural and permeated by these concepts, along with the doctrine of monotheism, and the feeling of the Islamic conquest, did not remain in the communities of Asia class-based graduate of the feudal system defense force, and failed are from the source of the waves of science and faith rebellious and rising to Middle each speed. About Suleiman Shah, the capital of Arakan from Ngrit to Mrohang / Ftero Castle (stone castle), and laying the basis for a series of state Mroko, and was caused by the direction of the state to the west in the fifteenth century AD, when they began the Islamic awakening and inflatable Spirit in the life history of Arakan. Began Sultan Sbok Shah - one of the successors of Solomon Shah- (1535-1553m) to expand the borders of the state Alerakaneh, and in 1600 signed a mandate Begootnasrim under its control, and the Salim Shah (1593-1661m) to expand further in the borders of the state and turned is in the form of state statutory were coordinated style tile Gore and Delhi, the kings chose for themselves the titles of Shah, has been circulating the Persian language as the official language of the state, and still is an official language of the State of Arakan until the year 1845 after 22 years of British occupation of her. It is a fact gold rare date Arakan that was required of the kings of Arakan before assuming the throne of the state to be carrying a certificate of virtue in the Islamic sciences, and was the currency and Alosamat and royal emblems embossed and dig where the word there is no god but God and Mohammed Rcolallah and Quranic verse: (and to keep up debt ). List the names of some of the kings who took the reins of power in Arakan: A map showing the boundaries of the pillars of years 1400 CE. Coin from the days of the state and may Alarcanah reading No god but God and Mohammed is Rcolallah and Quranic verse: (Establish and religion). Number Name the era of government 1 Suleiman Shah of 1430 m to 1437 m 2 Ali Khan of 1437 m to 1459 m 3 word Shah of 1459 m to 1482 m 4 Mango Shah from 1482 m to 1491 m 5 Mohammed Shah from 1491 m to 1493 m 6 Nuri Shah of 1493 m to 1494 m 7 longing Mekdol of 1494 m to 1500 m 8 High-Shah from 1509 to 1513 9 Jalal Shah from 1513 to 1515 10 L. Shah Azad from 1515 to 1521 11 Ilyas Shah of 1523 to 1525 12 Ali Shah from 1525 to 1531 13 Sbok Sultan Shah from 1531 to 1553 14 Sikandar Shah from 1571 to 1593 AD Saleem Shah, 15, of 1593 to 1612 16 Hussain Shah from 1612 to 1622 Saleem Shah, 17, of 1622 to 1638 m Thus punish Mqalidagm 48 property and authority in Arakan to 1784 AD Even the occupying Burmese Buddhist King Bodobh this position difficult to Arakan, He attacked them in 1784 Muahtl territory. Has been achieved historically that the 42-year reign Bodobh was a covenant dark and deadly in peoples right to the Muslim Rohingya and Buddhist Morocco has both, and he has mentioned to launch the raid on Mrohang -asma Arakan, and looting after the massacre with large national as well, as he demolished the Royal Library and the exploits of ancient mosques and schools and other erased altogether. Has done Bodobh demolish everything doubt it Islamic or it relates to Muslims, and in addition to that he is a creation of the temples of Buddhists and angles for them to turn Arakan Alasalamaha Lei state Buddhism after erasing featured Islamic, has resorted thousands of Muslims and Buddhists Patriots to South Bengal, to save themselves from harm, and was Bodobh catch the thousands of men and women of them and went with them as prisoners of war to Burma, where use them in wars. And has increased the number of Muslims during the period of British rule in Burma, because the British brought a number of Indian Muslims to Burma to help them in the business office and trade. As a result, the number of population of Muslims during the British rule in Burma because of new waves of immigrants of Indian Muslims. But declined sharply after 1941 because of the agreement the Indian-Burmese, then Malbutt that officially stopped when the independence of Burma (Myanmar) in the January 4, 1948 The demographics of Muslims in Burma According to the government census, the proportion of Muslims is 4% of the population of Burma. But according to the report of the International Freedom of belief is affiliated to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of America in 2006, the country has always reduces the number of non-Buddhists in the population. Muslim leaders estimated that the proportion of Muslims may reach to nearly 20% of the population. Muslims are spread throughout Burma, in the form of small communities, where: Concentrated Muslims of Indian origin in Rangoon. Roengjih a small ethnic group, and they are located in western Arakan State of Burma. Ertkazhon and towns in northern Arakan: Mayounjaddao and Bootidayong and Ratdiong and Akiab and Sandwi and Tongo and Sukbro Island Rashong Kioctao. They Banthaa Chinese Muslims in Burma. There are Muslims of assets in Malaio Cautung in the far south. The so-called people of Malay origin and the name of any religion was Basho. They are a mixture of Muslims Alzerbadi mating men of South Asian Muslims and the Middle East with the women of Burma. Persecution Deaths of Muslims in the streets of Staff Persecution suffered by Muslims throughout history The first appearance of persecution for religious reasons occurred in the reign of King Bainwang 1550-1589 AD. Having seized Pago in 1559 banning the practice of halal for Muslims, and the reason for that is religious intolerance, and forced some parishes to listen to speeches and Moaed Buddhism forcing them to change their religion by force. And also prevent the Eid al-Adha and the slaughter of sacrificial cattle. The King also prevent Olaingbayam eating in the eighteenth century. During the reign of King Bodaobaia (1782-1819) was arrested four months imams of the Muslims in Myanmar Maado and killed in the capital Ava after refusing to eat pork. According to the statements of the Muslims Maado, Burma has gone on a dark country seven days after the execution of the imams, forcing the king to apologize and issued a decree as good parents. Riots, racial and religious Under British rule contributed to economic pressures and xenophobia to increase feelings of anti-Indians and then the Muslims. In the wake of the riots against the Indians in 1930, racial tensions erupted between ethnic Burmese and between Indian immigrants and British authority. The Burmese sentiment turned against foreigners and those they surveyed Muslims from all races. Then in 1938, a riot broke out against Muslims influenced by statements newspapers. Burma Campaign for Burmese These events led to the emergence of the former Burma Campaign for Burmese only, staging a march to the bazaar for Muslims. Indian police dispersed the demonstration violent than those where the three monks were injured. Fastglet Burmese newspapers pictures of Indian police attacking the Buddhist monks to incite further spread of the riots. Venhpt Muslim shops and homes and mosques destroyed and burned completely, and that Muslims are subjected to assault and murder, and violence spread across Burma, damaging the mosque about 113. As a result of these events the British governor appointed a commission of inquiry in September 22, 1938, the Commission decided that the real reason behind this discontent is deteriorating social and economic policy in Burma. Fastglet newspapers this report infuse hatred against the British and Indians and Muslims. Even committee Simon established in 1927 to verify the effects of the application of the system of government duo in India and Burma has recommended the appointment of special seats for the Muslims of Burma, in the Legislative Council, and also recommended tightening ensure full citizenship rights for all minorities: the right to freedom of worship and the right to follow the norms of their own and the right to own property and the right to receive a share of the public revenues to spend on charitable institutions and their own education. It also recommended an independent government separate from India or in the case of self-mastery. Union free people against fascism Union established a free people against fascism (Anti-Fascist Peoples Freedom League) In short: AFPFL Gen. Aung San and U Nu with him. Then came the Muslims of Burma, ahead of the Second World War. The U Nu became the first Prime Minister of Burma after independence in 1948 and after a period of a request from the Conference of Muslims in Burma to withdraw its membership of the Union, a free people, and in response to the President of the Conference decided that U Khin Maung Latt withdraw from the conference and to join the Union. In 1955, U Nu request from the Conference of Muslims in Burma that resolves itself, then remove from the membership of the union free people on September 30, 1956 and then U Nu declared Buddhism the official religion of Burma, angering religious minorities. Ne Win coup Worsened the conditions of Muslims after the coup, Gen. Ne Win, has been expelled from the army and the minority of those exposed to marginalization and exclusion. She described the Buddhist majority of Muslims as cattle killers where are the sacrifices of cattle in the Eid al-Adha, and used against them, the word Kala, a racially derogatory word means black. And distributed terrorism charges against Muslim organizations such as the Union of Burma, all Muslims, forcing Muslims to join the armed resistance groups to fight for freedom. Riots against Muslims in Mandalay (1997) On the day of March 16, 1997 At 3:30 pm news emerged about the attempted rape of Muslim heroes, Vtgmehr Maaddhm 1,000-1,500 of Buddhist monks and other mob in Mandalay. The onset targeted Muslim mosques, then their property from shops and houses and vans from nearby mosques. It was reported that they robbed and looted and destroyed property, assaulted on all religious places and destroyed, have been killed by the rioting and three people arrested 100 monks. Riots against Muslims in Stoh and Twaungu (2001) Was tension between Buddhists and Muslims in the most intense Bstoh, Vmhaar resentment between them has deep roots and is caused by both parties that he feels boxed from the other party. Even the first spark erupted in February 2001 when the refusal of seven young monks have to pay for the price of a Muslim Her booth then ate cake. According to a witness that Muslim women retaliated that hit one of these new monks. The witness confirmed the arrival of some officials monks to protest Voakbh brawl. Striking a pair on application monks He bled blood on the head of it. This sparked the riots, what solution the evening until unrest began spreading rapidly for several hours. Where Buddhists set fire to Muslim homes and possessions and fueled. O my result, more than 30 houses and guesthouse belonging to the Muslims. The stop police and soldiers idly by and did nothing to stop the violence since the beginning. There are no reliable estimates of the number of deaths or injuries, but according to sources, Muslim activists have died more than 20 people. The impact of the conflict in the mainly Muslim majority in the city, so has most of the damage caused to the property of Muslims. In 2001, the monks distributed in all parts Handbook Mio Biaok Hamar Kyaok Tai Sui (the fear of loss of sweat) and other publications of the anti-Islam. And facilitated Association union Solidarity and Development distributing brochures, a civilian organization I run the ruling military junta, the State Council for Peace and Development. The cause of aggravation of those hostile feelings which I feel is a provocation by Muslims after the destruction of the Buddha statues in Bamiyan state of Bamiyan in Afghanistan. She stated the human rights organization reports that tensions between the two sects of Buddhism and Muslim Twaungu was present in the weeks before they escalate and erupt in mid-May 2001 and called for the destruction of Buddhist monks mosque Hantha Twaungu in retaliation for the destruction of the Buddha statues in Bamiyan. On May 15, 2001 riots broke out against Muslims in Twaungua, Fajrb mob led by Buddhist monks, Muslims headquarters of companies and property and killed Muslims. Proceeds were killed more than 200 Muslims and the destruction of 11 mosques and torched more than 400 homes. On the same day offering 20 Muslims were praying in a mosque Han Tha beaten by forces loyal to the junta, some of whom died. On May 17, 2001 the team arrived Wen Myint third secretary of the Military Council and the Minister of Religious Affairs, imposing a curfew in Twaungu. Vtm cut all lines of communication where bulldozers demolished the mosques of the military council and Han Tha mosque Twaungu Railway train the next day. The rest of the mosques Twaungu remained closed until May 2002, and forced the Muslims to pray in their homes. After two days of violence intervention of the army stopped the violence directly. There were reports that local authorities alerted senior Muslims before the attacks and warned them not to respond to avoid the escalation of violence. Details have been the start of the attacks and who it is not clear by the end of the year, what was the violence has increased tensions between the two sects of Buddhism and Muslim. Riots against Muslims in Arakan (2012) Buddhists began another genocide in Rakhine State in June 2012, after the chief of Myanmar Thein Sein that he should be expelled from the Rohingya Muslims in the country and sent to refugee camps run by the United Nations. It all started in June 3, 2012, when the killing of the Burmese army and the mob Burmese 11 Muslim without cause after Onzlohm of the bus, so she violent protests in the province of Arakan with a Muslim majority, and he signed the demonstrators victim to the tyranny of the army and the mob, which reportedly killed more than 50 people and burned thousands of homes where Argita clashed with Muslim Rohingya Staff Buddhists in western Burma. And religious persecution and economic sanctions against the Muslims now The government also imposed a range of sanctions on economic and religious Muslim population in the province of Arakan and Mrs. Mubarak: - Economically Myanmar government confiscate Muslim lands and fishing boats for no apparent reason. Dfred exorbitant taxes on everything, and fines, and prevent the sale of crops, except for the military or their representatives at a low price in order to keep the poor Muslims, or to force them to leave home. Prevent Muslims from buying modern agricultural machinery for the development of agricultural projects. Cancellation traded currencies from time to time without compensation, and without prior notice. Burning of agricultural crops Muslims and killed their livestock. Muslims are not allowed to operate within the industrial sector in Arakan. The religious aspect Do not allow the government to print religious books and publications Islamic only after approval from the government and this is very difficult. Muslims are not allowed to launch their beards or wearing Islamic dress in the workplace. The government confiscated the property of Awqaf and cemeteries dedicated to the burial of Muslims and distribute it to others or turned into public toilets or sheds for pigs and cattle! Exposed senior clerics for abuse, beatings and being forced to work in concentration camps. Prohibiting the use of loudspeakers for the launch of the call to prayer, were prevented to prayer after Ramadan 1403 H (1983 AD). Government intervenes illegally in the management of mosques and schools in order to impose their will on them. Muslims are banned from performing Hajj except a few individuals who know the government and accept their behavior. Prevent the slaughter of sacrificial animals. Demolition of mosques and converted into discotheques and mufflers and the role of housing or converted into warehouses and military barracks and public parks, and the confiscation of land and private property of the Islamic Waqf and distributed to Almag Buddhists. The Deputy Chairman of the Federation of Muslim students in the province of Arakan Abrahi Muhammad Atiq Rahman, in an interview for Islamic News Agency Ina: The Government of Myanmar has during the year 2001 to destroy about 72 mosques, under a law issued by prohibiting the construction of new mosques or renovate and repair old mosques , and that the law provides for the demolition of a mosque built during the last ten years. حملات التنصير وخاصة بعد إعصار نرجس الذي ضرب بورما عام 2008 حيث بلغ عدد ضحايا هذا الإعصار على الأقل 78 ألف قتيل و56 ألف مفقود وملايين المشردين. المحاولات المستميتة لطمس الثقافة الإسلامية وتذويب المسلمين في المجتمع البوذي البورمي قسراً، فلقد فرضوا الثقافة البوذية والزواج من البوذيات وعدم لبس الحجاب للبنات المسلمات والتسمّي بأسماءٍ بوذية. طمس الهوية والآثار الإسلامية: وذلك بتدمير الآثار الإسلامية من مساجد ومدارس تاريخية، وما بقي يُمنع منعاً باتاً من الترميم فضلاً عن إعادة البناء أو بناء أي شيء جديد لـه علاقة بالدين من مساجد ومدارس ومكتبات ودُور للأيتام وغيرها، وبعضها تهوي على رؤوس الناس بسبب مرور الزمن، والمدارس الإسلامية تُمنع من التطوير أو الاعتراف الحكومي والمصادقة لشهاداتها أو خرّيجيها.
Posted on: Sun, 31 Aug 2014 08:36:58 +0000
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