From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Muslim history) Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the history of Islam as a culture and polity. For the history of the Islamic faith, see Spread of Islam. For Islamic civilization, see Muslim world. For military conquests, see Islamic conquests. For chronology, see Timeline of Islamic history.This article is part of a series on: Islam Beliefs[show] Practices[show] Texts and laws[show] History and leaders[show] Denominations[show] Culture and society[show] Related topics[show] Islam portal v · t · e The history of Islam concerns the Islamic religion and its adherents, known as Muslims. Muslim is an Arabic word meaning one who submits to God. Muslims and their religion have greatly impacted the political, economic, and military history of the Old World, especially the Middle East, where lie its roots. Though it is believed by non-Muslims to have originated in Mecca and Medina, Muslims believe that the religion of Islam has been present since the time of the prophet Adam. The Islamic world expanded to include people of the Islamic civilisation, inclusive of non-Muslims living in that civilization. A century after the death of last Islamic prophet Muhammad, the Islamic empire extended from Spain in the west to Indus in the east. The subsequent empires such as those of the Abbasids, Fatimids, Almoravids, Seljukids, Ajuuraan, Adal and Warsangali in Somalia, Mughals in India and Safavids in Persia and Ottomans were among the influential and distinguished powers in the world. The Islamic civilization gave rise to many centers of culture and science and produced notable scientists, astronomers, mathematicians, doctors, nurses and philosophers during the Golden Age of Islam. Technology flourished; there was investment in economic infrastructure, such as irrigation systems and canals; and the importance of reading the Quran produced a comparatively high level of literacy in the general populace. In the later Middle Ages, destructive Mongol invasions from the East, and the loss of population in the Black Death, greatly weakened the traditional centre of the Islamic world, stretching from Persia to Egypt, and the Ottoman Empire was able to conquer most Arabic-speaking areas, creating an Islamic world power again, although one that was unable to master the challenges of the Early Modern period. Later, in modern history (18th and 19th centuries), many Islamic regions fell under the influence of European Great powers. After the First World War, Ottoman territories (a Central Powers member) were partitioned into several nations under the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres. Although affected by ideologies such as socialism and secularism during much of the 20th century, the Islamic identity and the dominance of Islam on political issues intensified during the early 21st century. Global interests in Islamic regions, international conflicts and globalization changed the type of Islamic influence on the contemporary world.[1] In the contemporary period, a set of ideologies holding interpretations of Islamic texts that advocate the unification of religion and state has spread, but the ideology has been criticized.Contents [hide] 1 Major periods 2 Islamic Origins 3 City-states and Imperial period 4 Universal period and decentralization 4.1 Islamic Golden Age 4.2 Regional powers 4.3 Fatimid Empire 4.4 Berbers and Iberian Umayyads 4.5 The Crusades 4.6 Mongol invasions 4.7 The Mamluks 4.8 Africa 4.9 Horn of Africa 4.10 Asia and the Far East 4.11 Southeast Asia 5 Fragmentation period 5.1 Three Early Modern empires 5.2 Mughal Empire 5.3 Safavid Empire 5.4 Salafi 5.5 Ottoman Empire 5.6 Modern history 5.7 National period 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References and further reading 9 External links Major periods
Posted on: Tue, 19 Nov 2013 11:17:14 +0000