Muhammad Ali Jinnah borni on 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a lawyer , politician , and the founder of Pakistan. [1] Jinnah served as leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistans independence on 14 August 1947, and as Pakistans first Governor-General from independence until his death. He is revered in Pakistan as Quaid-i-Azam [b] (Great Leader) and Baba-i-Qaum [c] (Father of the Nation ). His birthday is observed as a national holiday . Born in Karachi and trained as a barrister at Lincolns Inn in London, Jinnah rose to prominence in the Indian National Congress in the first two decades of the 20th century. In these early years of his political career, Jinnah advocated Hindu–Muslim unity, helping to shape the 1916 Lucknow Pact between the Congress and the All-India Muslim League, a party in which Jinnah had also become prominent. Jinnah became a key leader in the All India Home Rule League , and proposed a fourteen- point constitutional reform plan to safeguard the political rights of Muslims should a united British India become independent. In 1920, however, Jinnah resigned from the Congress when it agreed to follow a campaign of satyagraha , or non-violent resistance, advocated by the influential leader, Mohandas Gandhi . By 1940, Jinnah had come to believe that Indian Muslims should have their own state. In that year, the Muslim League, led by Jinnah, passed the Lahore Resolution , demanding a separate nation. During the Second World War , the League gained strength while leaders of the Congress were imprisoned, and in the elections held shortly after the war, it won most of the seats reserved for Muslims. Ultimately, the Congress and the Muslim League could not reach a power-sharing formula for a united India, leading all parties to agree to separate independence for a predominately Hindu India, and for a Muslim-majority state, to be called Pakistan.
Posted on: Tue, 25 Mar 2014 19:44:20 +0000
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