Name Ali RezaBorn-- 29 December 766 CE (11 Dhul Qa`dah 148 AH) Medina, Abbasid Empire Died c. 26 May 819 (aged 53) (17- 20th Safar 203 AH) Tus, Abbasid Empire[ Mamoon Rashid] Cause of death Death by poisoning Resting place Imam Reza shrine, Iran Other names Alī ibn Mūsā Title Abu Hassan Term 799–819 CE Predecessor Musa al-Kadhim Successor Muhammad al-Jawad Religion Islam Spouse(s) Sabīkah aka Khayzurān[Iranian] Children Muhammad at-Taqi Parents Musa al-Kadhim Umm ul Banīn Najmah [Egyption] Alī ibn Mūsā al-Reza also called abu al-Hasan is commonly known as Ali al-Ridha (also spelled Ali al-Rida, Ali Rezā, and Ali Rizā) is the eighth Shiite Imam after his father Musa al-Kadhim and before his son Muhammad al-Jawad; and was an Imam of knowledge according to the Zaydi (Fiver) Shia school and Sufis. He lived in a period when Abbasid caliphs were facing numerous difficulties the most important of which was Shiite revolts. The Caliph Al-Mamun thought out a remedy for this problem by appointing Al al-Ridha as his successor, through which he could involve the imam in the worldly affairs and consequently could turn the loyalty of his followers away from him. Later on, however, when Al-Mamun saw that the Imam gained even more popularity, decided to correct his mistake by poisoning him. The Imam was buried in a village in Khorasan where afterwards gained its new name, Mashhad, the place of martyrdom. Ali al-Rieza admonishes his brother=================] Pilgrims of Imam Ali Rizas Shrine in Mashhad, Khorasan Once Ali al-Reza was summoned to Khurasan and reluctantly accepted the role of successor to al-Mamun that was forced on him, al-Mamun summoned his brother, Zayd, who had revolted and brought about a riot in Medina to his court in Khurasan. Al-Mamun kept him free as a regard and honor to Ali al-Reza and overlooked his punishment. One day, when Ali al-Reza was delivering a speech in a grand assembly, he heard Zayd praising himself before the people, saying I am so and so. Ali al-Ridha asked him saying:O Zayd, have you trusted upon the words of the grocers of Kufa and are conveying them to the people? What kind of things are you talking about? The sons of Ali ibn Abi Talib and Fatimah Zahra are worthy and outstanding only when they obey the command of Allah, and keep themselves away from sin and blunder. You think you are like Musa al-Kadhim, Ali ibn Husayn, and other Imams? Whereas, they took pains and bore hardships on the way to Allah and prayed to Allah day and night. Do you think you will gain without pain? Be aware, that if a person out of us the Ahl al-Bayt performs a good deed, he gets twice the reward. Because not only he performed good deeds like others but also that he has maintained the honor of Muhammad. If he practices something bad and does a sin, he has performed two sins. One is that he performed a bad act like the rest of the people and the other one is that he has negated the honor of Muhammad. O brother! The one who obeys Allah is from us the Ahl al-Bayt and the one who is a sinner is not ours. Allah said about the son of Noah who cut the spiritual bondage with his father, He is not out of your lineage; if he was out of your lineage, I would have (saved) and granted him salvation. Death=============================] Al-Mamun thought he would solve the problems of Shiite revolts by naming al-ridha as his successor. After finally being able to persuade Al-Reza to accept this position, al-Mamun realized his mistake, for Shiism began to gain even more popularity. Moreover, Arab party in Baghdad were furious when they heard that al-Mamun not only appointed the imam as his successor, but sent out commands that the Abbasidd black flag should be changed to green in honor of the Imam. They were afraid that the empire would be taken from them. They got together, therefore, to depose Mamun and gave allegiance to Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi, who was the uncle of Mamun.] when Mamun heard this Imam advised him to solve the problem by dismissing him from his position but he did not heed and decided to return to Baghdad and assert his rights. However, when they reached the town of Sarakhs, his vizier was assassinated and in a couple of days, when they reached Tuss, the Imam sickened and died in a few days, according to the most accounts in 17th safar and other riwayat 20th safar, Al-Mamun asked some of the Imams relatives to examine his body in order to see that he had died a natural death. Then he ordered that he be buried next to the tomb of his own father, Harun al-Rashid, and showed extreme sorrow in the funeral ritual and stayed for three days at the place. Most of the sources, however, charge him with having poisoned Al-Reza. According to Madelung The unexpected death of both the vizier and the successor, whose presence would have made any reconciliation with the powerful ʿAbbasid opposition in Baghdad virtually impossible, must indeed arouse strong suspicion that Mamūn had had a hand in the deaths.] Imam Reza Mosque=========================] Main article: Imam Reza Shrine See also: List of largest mosques Today the Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad occupies a total area of 598,657 m2 (6,443,890 sq ft) – the shrine area occupies 267,079m2 while the seven courtyards surrounding it cover an area of 331,578 m2. Thus making it the largest mosque in the world, having an area larger than Masjid al-Haram and Masjid al-Nabawi (which have areas of 356,800 m2 and 400,500 m2 respectively). The courtyards also contain a total of 14 minarets, and 3 fountains. From the courtyards, external hallways named after scholars lead to the inner areas of the mosque. They are referred to as Bast (Sanctuary), since they were meant to be a safeguard for the shrine areas.The Bast hallways lead towards a total of 21 internal halls (Riwaq) surrounding the burial chamber of Ali al-Reza Adjacent to the burial chamber is also a mosque dating back to the 10th century known as, Bala-e-Sar mosque.
Posted on: Mon, 22 Dec 2014 18:17:09 +0000
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