Nationalencyklopedin The following table contains the top 100 languages by estimated number of speakers in the 2007 edition of Nationalencyklopedin. As census methods in different countries vary to a considerable extent, and some countries do not record language in their censuses, any list of languages by native speakers, or total speakers, is based on estimates. Updated estimates from 2010 are also provided.[1] Hindustani has been divided into the sociolinguistic units of Hindi and Urdu, while a number of northern Indian languages have been partially merged into Hindi, reflecting self-identity reported in the Indian census. This Hindi is thus not a language in the linguistic sense. Note: Languages with an asterisk (*) have been updated with figures from the 2010 edition of the Nationalencyklopedin. Language Native speakers (millions) % of world population Mainly spoken in Notes Mandarin 官話 / 官话 955* 14.4% China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia Part of Chinese language family Spanish Español 405* 6.15% Spain, Mexico, United States, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, Venezuela, Equatorial Guinea, Western Sahara Partially mutually intelligible with Portuguese[2][3][4] English 360* 5.43% United States of America, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and Commonwealth of Nations Hindi हिन्दी 310* 4.70% India, Nepal Part of Hindi languages family. Includes approx. 100 million speakers of other Hindi languages not counted below. Mutually intelligible with Urdu. Bengali বাংলা 300* 4.57% Bangladesh, India (West Bengal, Tripura, Assam) Arabic العربية 295* 4.43% Arab League Arabic also is a liturgical language of 1.6 billion Muslim speakers.[5][6] The Arabic language contains many different dialects. Many are not mutually intelligible. See Varieties of Arabic Portuguese Português 215* 3.27% Portugal, Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, Guinea-Bissau, Timor-Leste Partially mutually intelligible with Spanish[2][3][4] Russian Русский 155* 2.33% Russia, Ukraine, Commonwealth of Independent States Partially mutually intelligible with Ukrainian[7] and Belarusian.[7] Japanese 日本語 125* 1.90% Japan Punjabi ਪੰਜਾਬੀ نجابی 102* 1.44% India, Pakistan (Punjab region) German Deutsch 89* 1.39% Germany, Austria, Belgium (Eupen-Malmedy), Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Italy (South Tyrol) Javanese ꦧꦱꦗꦮ 82 1.25% Indonesia (Java) Javanese is the largest language without an official status anywhere (and thus the largest minority language in the world), despite being used throughout Southeast Asia and Suriname. Wu 吳語 / 吴语 80 1.20% China (Zhejiang, Shanghai, southern Jiangsu) Part of Chinese language family Malay/Indonesian Bahasa Melayu Bahasa Indonesia 77 1.16% Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore Telugu తెలుగు 76 1.15% India (Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Puducherry) Vietnamese Tiếng Việt 76 1.14% Vietnam Korean 한국어 조선말 76 1.14% South Korea, North Korea French Français 74 1.12% France and its territories, Belgium, Canada, Switzerland, Gabon, Algeria, Mauritius, Senegal, Côte dIvoire, other Francophonie members Marathi मराठी 73 1.10% India (Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat) Tamil தமிழ் 70 1.06% India (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Puducherry), Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia, Mauritius Urdu اُردُو 66 0.99% India, Pakistan Mutually intelligible with Hindi Persian فارسی 65 0.99% Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan Turkish Türkçe 63 0.95% Turkey, Cyprus Italian Italiano 59 0.90% Italy, Switzerland, San Marino Cantonese 粵語 / 粤语 59 0.89% China (Guangdong (Canton), southern Guangxi), Hong Kong, Macau Part of Chinese language family Thai ภาษาไทย 56 0.85% Thailand Gujarati ગુજરાતી 49 0.74% India ( Gujarat, Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli) Jin 晉語 / 晋语 48 0.72% China (Shanxi, parts of Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi) Part of Chinese language family Min Nan 閩南語 / 闽南语 47 0.71% China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan), Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore Part of Chinese language family Polish Polski 40 0.61% Poland Pashto پښتو 39 0.58% Afghanistan, Pakistan Kannada ಕನ್ನಡ 38 0.58% India (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra) Xiang 湘語 / 湘语 38 0.58% China (Hunan) Part of Chinese language family Malayalam മലയാളം 38 0.57% India (Kerala, Lakshadweep, Mahé) Sundanese 38 0.57% Indonesia (Java) Sundanese is the second largest language (after Javanese) without an official status anywhere (not counting Chinese dialects such as Wu, Yue, Jin, Min Nan, Xiang). Hausa هَرْشَن هَوْسَ 34 0.52% Nigeria Oriya ଓଡ଼ିଆ 33 0.50% India (Odisha) Burmese မြန်မာစာ 33 0.50% Burma Hakka 客家話 / 客家话 31 0.46% China (Southern) Part of Chinese language family Ukrainian українська мова 30 0.46% Ukraine Partially mutually intelligible with Russian[7] and Belarusian.[7] Bhojpuri भोजपुरी 29 0.43% India (Bihar) Part of Bihari. This is only a fraction of the speakers; the others are counted under Hindi above. Tagalog Wikang Tagalog 28 0.42% Philippines Yoruba Èdè Yorùbá 28 0.42% Nigeria, Benin, Togo Maithili मैथिली, মৈথিলী 27 0.41% India (Bihar), Nepal Part of Bihari. This is only a fraction of the speakers; the others are counted under Hindi above. Swahili Kiswahili 26 0.39% Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda Uzbek Oʻzbek Ўзбек اوزبیک 26 0.39% Uzbekistan Sindhi سنڌي सिन्धी 26 0.39% India, Pakistan (Sindh) Amharic አማርኛ 25 0.37% Ethiopia Fula Fulfulde 24 0.37% West and Central Africa, from Senegal to Sudan Romanian Română 24 0.37% Romania, Moldova Oromo Afaan Oromo 24 0.36% Ethiopia, Kenya Igbo Asụsụ Igbo 24 0.36% Nigeria Azerbaijani Azərbaycan 23 0.34% Azerbaijan, Iran Awadhi अवधी 22 0.33% India (Uttar Pradesh) Part of Hindi languages family. This is only a fraction of the speakers; the others are counted under Hindi above. Gan 贛語 / 赣语 22 0.33% China (Jiangxi) Part of Chinese language family Cebuano Binisaya 21 0.32% Philippines (Central and Southern) Dutch Nederlands Vlaams 21 0.32% Netherlands, Dutch Caribbean islands, Belgium (Flanders, Brussels), Suriname Highly mutually intelligible with Afrikaans, a daughter language of Dutch spoken primarily in South Africa and Namibia Kurdish كوردی 21 0.31% “Kurdistan” (Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria) Serbo-Croatian Srpskohrvatski hrvatskosrpski српскохрватски хрватскосрпски 19 0.28% Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, Montenegro, Kosovo Malagasy Malagasy 18 0.28% Madagascar Saraiki سرائیکی 17 0.26% Pakistan (Sindh) Nepali नेपाली 17 0.25% Nepal, India (Sikkim,Darjeeling,Assam),Bhutan,Myanmar Sinhalese සිංහල 16 0.25% Sri Lanka Chittagonian টগাঁইয়া বুলি 16 0.24% Bangladesh (Chittagong) Zhuang Vahcuengh 话壮 16 0.24% China (Guangxi) Actually 13 or more languages; related to Thai, not part of Chinese language family. Khmer ភាសាខ្មែរ 16 0.24% Cambodia Assamese অসমীয়া 15 0.23% India Assam (India) Madurese Madhura 15 0.23% Indonesia ( Madura, and Java) Somali Af-Soomaali 15 0.22% Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Dijibouti, Yemen Marwari मारवाड़ी 14 0.21% India, Pakistan (Rajasthan), Nepal This is only a fraction of the speakers; the others are counted under Hindi above. Magahi मगही 14 0.21% India (Bihar) Part of Bihari Haryanvi हरियाणवी 14 0.21% India (Haryana) Part of Hindi languages family Hungarian Magyar 13 0.19% Hungary Chhattisgarhi छत्तीसगढ़ी 12 0.19% India (Chhattisgarh) Part of Hindi languages family. This is only a fraction of the speakers; the others are counted under Hindi above. Greek ελληνικά 12 0.18% Greece, Cyprus Chewa Nyanja 12 0.17% Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe Deccan دکنی 11 0.17% India (Deccan) Part of Urdu Akan Twi Fante 11 0.17% Ghana, Ivory Coast Kazakh Qazaqşa Қазақша قازاق ٴتىلى; 11 0.17% Kazakhstan Min Bei 閩北語 / 闽北语 10.9 0.16% China (Fujian) Part of Chinese language family Sylheti ছিলটী 10.7 0.16% Bangladesh, India Zulu isiZulu 10.4 0.16% South Africa Czech Čeština 10.0 0.15% Czech Republic Kinyarwanda Ikinyarwanda 9.8 0.15% Rwanda Part of Rwanda-Rundi Dhundhari 9.6 0.15% India (Rajasthan) Haitian Creole Kreyòl Ayisyen 9.6 0.15% Haiti Min Dong 閩東語 / 闽东语 9.5 0.14% China (Fujian) Part of Chinese language family Ilokano 9.1 0.14% Philippines (Luzon) Quechua 8.9 0.13% Peru, Bolivia A language family, not a language Kirundi 8.8 0.13% Burundi, Uganda Part of Rwanda-Rundi Swedish 8.7 0.13% Sweden, Finland Hmong 8.4 0.13% Laos A language family, not a language Shona 8.3 0.13% Zimbabwe Uyghur ئۇيغۇرچە 8.2 0.12% China (Xinjiang) Hiligaynon 8.2 0.12% Philippines (Western Visayas) Mossi 7.6 0.11% Burkina Faso Xhosa 7.6 0.11% South Africa Belarusian беларусы 7.6 0.11% Belarus Only half this many use it as their home language. Partially mutually intelligible with Russian[7] and Ukrainian.[7] Balochi بلوچی 7.6 0.11% Iran, Pakistan (Balochistan) Konkani कोंकणी ಕೊಂಕಣಿ 7.4 0.11% India (Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra)
Posted on: Sun, 21 Dec 2014 04:14:00 +0000
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