Prime minister From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (June 2012) Part of the Politics series on Executive government Head of state Monarch President Government Head of government Chancellor Chief Executive Chief Minister First Minister Premier Prime Minister Cabinet Cabinet collective responsibility Ministry Minister Secretary Other Governor Mayor Systems Presidential Semi-presidential (cohabitational) Parliamentary (Westminster) Lists National leaders National governments Politics portal v t e A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state. In parliamentary systems fashioned after the Westminster system, the prime minister is the presiding and actual head of the government and head of the executive branch. In such systems, the head of state or the head of states official representative (i.e. the monarch, president, or governor-general) usually holds a largely ceremonial position, although often with reserve powers. The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) which are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament. As well as being head of government, a prime minister may have other roles or titles—the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for example, is also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service.[1] Prime ministers may take other ministerial posts—for example during the Second World War, Winston Churchill was also Minister of Defence (although there was then no Ministry of Defence). Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2.1 Post-English Civil War (1642–1651) 3 Prime ministers in republics and in monarchies 4 Entry into office 5 Prime ministers and constitutions 6 Exit from office 7 Titles 8 Organisational structure 9 Description of the role 10 Lists of prime ministers 11 See also 12 Footnotes Etymology[edit] The prime ministers of five members of the Commonwealth of Nations at the 1944 Commonwealth Prime Ministers Conference. The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers. The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom.[citation needed] History[edit] The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne. These ministers held a variety of formal posts, but were commonly known as the minister, the chief minister, the first minister and finally the prime minister. The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch. Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. Although there was a cabinet, it was appointed entirely by the monarch, and the monarch usually presided over its meetings. When the monarch grew tired of a first minister, he or she could be dismissed, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour. Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful. Late in Annes reign, for example, the Tory ministers Harley and St John shared power. Post-English Civil War (1642–1651)[edit] In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War and the Protectorate, Parliament had strengthened its position and it emerged even more powerful after the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The monarch could not establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that the modern style of prime minister emerges. This turning point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the kings first minister would become the de facto head of the government. From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing. Walpole always denied that he was prime minister, and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. The prestige of British institutions in the 19th century and the growth of the British Empire saw the British model of cabinet government, headed by a prime minister, widely copied, both in other European countries and in British colonial territories as they developed self-government. In some places alternative titles such as premier, chief minister, first minister of state, president of the council or chancellor were adopted, but the essentials of the office were the same. By the late 20th century the majority of the worlds countries had a prime minister or equivalent minister, holding office under either a constitutional monarchy or a ceremonial president. The main exceptions to this system have been the United States and the presidential republics in Latin America modelled on the U.S. system, in which the president directly exercises executive authority. Bahrains prime minister, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah has been in the post since 1970, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister. Prime ministers in republics and in monarchies[edit] The post of prime minister may be encountered both in constitutional monarchies (such as Belgium, Denmark, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Malaysia, Morocco, Spain,[2] Sweden, Thailand, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), and in parliamentary republics in which the head of state is an elected official (such as Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Pakistan, Portugal, Montenegro, Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Turkey). See alsoFirst Minister, Premier, Chief Minister, Chancellor, Taoiseach and Secretary of State: alternative titles usually equivalent in meaning to, or translated as, prime minister. This contrasts with the presidential system, in which the president (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government. In some presidential or semi-presidential systems, such as those of France, Russia or South Korea, the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usually approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the president and managing the civil service. The head of government of the Peoples Republic of China is referred to as the Premier of the State Council and the premier of the Republic of China is also appointed by the president, but requires no approval by the legislature. Appointment of the prime minister of France requires no approval by the parliament either, but the parliament may force the resignation of the government. In these systems, it is possible for the president and the prime minister to be from different political parties if the legislature is controlled by a party different from that of the president. When it arises, such a state of affairs is usually referred to as (political) cohabitation. Entry into office[edit] In parliamentary systems a prime minister may enter into office by several means. By appointment by the head of state, without reference to parliament: While in practice most prime ministers under the Westminster system (including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Malaysia, India and the United Kingdom) are the leaders of the largest party in parliament, technically the appointment of the prime minister is a royal prerogative exercised by the monarch or the governor-general. In India, the Prime Ministerial candidate must be a member of parliament either Lok Sabha (Lower House) or Rajya Sabha (Upper House). No parliamentary vote takes place on who is forming a government. However as the government will have to outline its legislative programme to parliament in, for example, the Speech from the Throne, the speech is sometimes used to test parliamentary support. A defeat of the Speech is taken to mean a loss of confidence and so requires either a new draft, resignation, or a request for a dissolution of parliament. Until the early 20th century governments when defeated in a general election remained in power until their Speech from the Throne was defeated and then resigned. No government has done so for one hundred years, though Edward Heath in 1974 did delay his resignation while he explored whether he could form a government with Liberal party support. In such systems unwritten (and unenforceable) constitutional conventions often outline the order in which people are asked to form a government. If the prime minister resigns after a general election, the monarch usually asks the leader of the opposition to form a government. Where however a resignation occurs during a parliament session (unless the government has itself collapsed) the monarch will ask another member of the government to form a government. While previously the monarch had some leeway in whom to ask, all British political parties now elect their leaders (until 1965 the Conservatives chose their leader by informal consultation). The last time the monarch had a choice over the appointment occurred in 1963 when the Earl of Home was asked to become Prime Minister ahead of Rab Butler. During the period between the time it is clear that the incumbent government has been defeated at a general election, and the actual swearing-in of the new prime minister by the monarch or governor-general, that person is referred to as the prime minister-elect or prime minister-designate. Neither term is strictly correct from a constitutional point of view, but they have wide acceptance. In a situation in which a ruling party elects or appoints a new leader, the incoming leader will usually be referred as prime minister-in-waiting. An example or this situation was in 2003 in Canada when Paul Martin was elected leader of the Liberal Party of Canada while Jean Chrétien was still prime minister. Appointment by the head of state after parliament nominates a candidate: Example: The Republic of Ireland where the President of Ireland appoints the Taoiseach on the nomination of the Dáil Éireann. The head of state nominates a candidate for prime minister who is then submitted to parliament for approval before appointment as prime minister: Example: Spain, where the King sends a nomination to parliament for approval. Also Germany where under the German Basic Law (constitution) the Bundestag votes on a candidate nominated by the federal president. In these cases, parliament can choose another candidate who then would be appointed by the head of state. The head of state appoints a prime minister who has a set timescale within which s/he must gain a vote of confidence: (Example: Italy, Romania, Thailand) The head of state appoints the leader of the political party with the majority of the votes in the Parliament as Prime Minister: (Example: Greece) Direct election by parliament: (Example: Japan, Papua New Guinea, Pakistan.) Direct election by popular vote: (Example: Israel, 1996–2001, where the prime minister was elected in a general election, with no regard to political affiliation.) Nomination by a state office holder other than the head of state or his/her representative: (Example: Under the modern Swedish Instrument of Government, the power to appoint someone to form a government has been moved from the monarch to the Speaker of Parliament and the parliament itself. The speaker nominates a candidate, who is then elected to prime minister (statsminister) by the parliament if an absolute majority of the members of parliament does not vote no (i.e. he can be elected even if more MP:s vote no than yes). Prime ministers and constitutions[edit] Statue of John A. Macdonald (1815–1891), first Canadian prime minister. The position, power and status of prime ministers differ depending on the age of the constitution. Australias constitution makes no mention of a Prime Minister of Australia. Bangladeshs constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal. The Peoples Republic of China constitution set a premier just one place below the National Peoples Congress in China. Premier read as (Simplified Chinese: 总理; pinyin: Zŏnglĭ) in Chinese. Canadas constitution, being a mixed or hybrid constitution (a constitution that is partly formally codified and partly uncodified) originally did not make any reference whatsoever to a prime minister, with her or his specific duties and method of appointment instead dictated by convention. In the Constitution Act, 1982, passing reference to a Prime Minister of Canada is added, though only regarding the composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers. Germanys Basic Law (1949) lists the powers, functions and duties of the federal chancellor. Greeces constitution (1975) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Greece. Indias constitution (1950) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of India. Irelands constitution (1937), provides for the office of Taoiseach in detail, listing powers, functions and duties. Italys constitution (1948) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Italy. Japans constitution (1946) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Japan. Maltas constitution (1964) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Malta. Malaysias constitution (1957) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Malaysia. Pakistans constitution (1973) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Pakistan. Spains constitution (1978) regulates the appointment, dismissal, powers, functions and duties of the President of the Government. Thailands constitution (1932) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Thailand. The United Kingdoms constitution, being uncodified and largely unwritten, makes no mention of a prime minister. Though it had de facto existed for centuries, its first mention in official state documents did not occur until the first decade of the twentieth century. Accordingly, it is often said not to exist, indeed there are several instances of parliament declaring this to be the case. The prime minister sits in the cabinet solely by virtue of occupying another office, either First Lord of the Treasury (office in commission), or more rarely Chancellor of the Exchequer (the last of whom was Balfour in 1905). Ukraines constitution (1996) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Ukraine. Exit from office[edit] Most prime ministers in parliamentary systems are not appointed for a specific term in office and in effect may remain in power through a number of elections and parliaments. For example, Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion, in 1979. She remained continuously in power until 1990, though she used the assembly of each House of Commons after a general election to reshuffle her cabinet. Some states, however, do have a term of office of the prime minister linked to the period in office of the parliament. Hence the Irish Taoiseach is formally renominated after every general election. (Some constitutional experts have questioned whether this process is actually in keeping with the provisions of the Irish constitution, which appear to suggest that a taoiseach should remain in office, without the requirement of a renomination, unless s/he has clearly lost the general election.) The position of prime minister is normally chosen from the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament. In parliamentary systems, governments are generally required to have the confidence of the lower house of parliament (though a small minority of parliaments, by giving a right to block supply to upper houses, in effect make the cabinet responsible to both houses, though in reality upper houses, even when they have the power, rarely exercise it). Where they lose a vote of confidence, have a motion of no confidence passed against them, or where they lose supply, most constitutional systems require either: a) a letter of resignation or b) a request for parliamentary dissolution. The latter in effect allows the government to appeal the opposition of parliament to the electorate. However in many jurisdictions a head of state may refuse a parliamentary dissolution, requiring the resignation of the prime minister and his or her government. In most modern parliamentary systems, the prime minister is the person who decides when to request a parliamentary dissolution. Older constitutions often vest this power in the cabinet. (In the United Kingdom, for example, the tradition whereby it is the prime minister who requests a dissolution of parliament dates back to 1918. Prior to then, it was the entire government that made the request. Similarly, though the modern 1937 Irish constitution grants to the Taoiseach the right to make the request, the earlier 1922 Irish Free State Constitution vested the power in the Executive Council (the then name for the Irish cabinet).bv Titles[edit] In the Russian constitution the prime minister is actually titled Chairman of the government while the Irish prime minister is called the Taoiseach (which is rendered into English as prime minister), and in Israel he is Rosh HaMemshalah meaning head of government. In many cases, though commonly used, prime minister is not the official title of the office-holder; the Spanish prime minister is the President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno). Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president. The convention in the English language, is to call nearly all national heads of government, prime minister (sometimes modified to the equivalent term of premier), regardless of the correct title of the head of government as applied in his or her respective country. The few exceptions to the rule are Germany and Austria, whose heads of government titles are almost always translated as Chancellor, Monaco, whose head of government is referred to as the Minister of State, and Vatican City for which the head of government is titled the Secretary of State. In the case of Ireland, the head of government is occasionally referred to as the Taoiseach, by English speakers. A stand out case is the President of Iran, who is not actually a head of state, but the head of the government of Iran. He is referred to as president in both the Farsi and English languages. In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council.[3] In the UK where devolved government is in place, the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments are styled First Minister. In India, The Prime Minister is referred to as Pradhan Mantri, meaning prime minister. In Pakistan, the prime minister is referred to as Wazir-e-Azam, meaning Grand Vizier. Organisational structure[edit] Main article: Prime Ministers Office The Prime Ministers executive office is usually called the Office of the Prime Minister in the case of the Canada and other Commonwealth countries, its called Cabinet Office in United Kingdom. Some Prime Ministers office do include the role of Cabinet. In other countries, its called the Prime Ministers Department or the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet as for Australia. Description of the role[edit] Wilfried Martens, who served as Prime Minister of Belgium, described his role as follows: First of all [the Prime Minister must listen a lot, and when deep disagreements occur, he must suggest a solution to the matter. This can be done in different ways. Sometimes during the discussion, I note the elements of the problem and think of a proposal I can formulate to the Council (cabinet), the Secretary taking notes. The Ministers then insist on changing game ages. The Prime Minister can also make a proposal which leaves enough room for amendments in order to keep the current discussion on the right tracks. When a solution must be found in order to reach a consensus, he can force one or two Ministers to join or resign.[citation needed] Lists of prime ministers[edit] The following table groups the list of past and present prime ministers and details information available in those lists. Government List starts Parties shown Term given by years or dates Incumbent Abkhazia 1995 - dates Leonid Lakerbaia Afghanistan 1927 - years (Post abolished) Albania (List) 1912 - years Edi Rama Algeria 1962 yes years Youcef Yousfi Andorra 1982 - years Antoni Martí Angola 1975 - dates (Post abolished) Anguilla 1976 yes dates Hubert Hughes Antigua and Barbuda 1981 - years Baldwin Spencer Armenia 1918 yes dates Hovik Abrahamyan Aruba 1986 - dates Mike Eman Australia (List) 1901 yes dates Tony Abbott Austria 1918 yes years Werner Faymann Azerbaijan 1918 yes dates Artur Rasizade Bahamas 1967 - dates Perry Christie Bahrain 1970 - years Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Bangladesh 1971 yes dates Sheikh Hasina Barbados 1954 yes dates Freundel Stuart Belarus 1919 - dates Mikhail Myasnikovich Belgium 1831 yes dates Elio Di Rupo Belize 1973 yes years Dean Barrow Benin 1957 yes dates (Post abolished) Bermuda 1968 yes dates Craig Cannonier Bhutan 1952 - dates Tshering Tobgay Bosnia and Herzegovina 1943 - dates Vjekoslav Bevanda Botswana 1965 yes dates (Post abolished) Brazil 1847 yes dates (Post abolished) British Virgin Islands 1967 yes dates Orlando Smith Brunei 1984 no dates Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Bulgaria 1879 yes dates Plamen Oresharski Burkina Faso 1971 - dates Luc-Adolphe Tiao Burundi 1961 yes dates (Post abolished) Cambodia 1945 - years Samdech Hun Sen Cameroon 1960 - dates Philémon Yang Canada (List) 1867 yes dates Stephen Harper Cape Verde 1975 - dates José Maria Neves Cayman Islands 1992 yes dates Alden McLaughlin Central African Republic 1958 - dates André Nzapayeké Chad 1978 - dates Kalzeubet Pahimi Deubet Peoples Republic of China (List) 1949 - dates Li Keqiang Comoros 1957 yes dates (Post abolished) Congo (Brazzaville) 1957 yes dates (Post abolished) Congo (Kinshasa) (List) 1960 yes dates Augustin Matata Ponyo Cook Islands 1965 yes dates Henry Puna Côte dIvoire (Ivory Coast) 1957 yes dates Daniel Kablan Duncan Croatia 1939 - dates Zoran Milanović Cuba 1940 - dates Raúl Castro Curaçao 2010 - dates Ivar Asjes Northern Cyprus 1983 yes dates Özkan Yorgancıoğlu Czech Republic 1993 - years Bohuslav Sobotka Denmark (List) 1848 - years Helle Thorning-Schmidt Djibouti 1977 - dates Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed Dominica 1960 - dates Roosevelt Skerrit East Timor 2002 - dates Xanana Gusmão Egypt (List) 1878 - years Ibrahim Mahlab Equatorial Guinea 1963 - dates Vicente Ehate Tomi Estonia 1918 - dates Taavi Rõivas Ethiopia 1942 yes dates Hailemariam Desalegn Faroe Islands 1946 - years Kaj Leo Johannesen Fiji 1966 - dates Frank Bainimarama (interim) Finland 1917 yes years Jyrki Katainen France (List) 1589 - years Manuel Valls Gabon 1957 yes dates Daniel Ona Ondo The Gambia 1961 - dates (Post abolished) Ghana 1957 - dates (Post abolished) Georgia 1918 yes dates Irakli Garibashvili Germany (List) 1871/1949 yes dates Angela Merkel Gibraltar 1964 yes dates Fabian Picardo Greece (List) 1833 - dates Antonis Samaras Greenland 1979 - years Aleqa Hammond Grenada 1954 - years Keith Mitchell Guernsey 2007 - dates Jonathan Le Tocq Guinea 1972 - dates Mohamed Said Fofana Guinea-Bissau 1973 - dates Rui Duarte de Barros (acting) Guyana 1953 - dates Sam Hinds Haiti 1988 - dates Laurent Lamothe Hungary (List) 1848 - dates Viktor Orbán Iceland 1904 - dates Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson India (List) 1947 yes dates Manmohan Singh Indonesia 1945 yes dates (Post abolished) Iran (List) 1824 - years (Post abolished) Iraq 1920 - years Nouri al-Maliki Ireland 1937 yes dates Enda Kenny Israel (List) 1948 - years Benjamin Netanyahu Italy (List) 1861 - years Matteo Renzi Jamaica 1959 - years Portia Simpson-Miller Japan (List) 1885 - dates Shinzō Abe Jersey 2005 - dates Ian Gorst Jordan 1944 - dates Abdullah Ensour Kazakhstan 1920 - years Karim Massimov Kenya 1963 - dates (Post abolished) North Korea 1948 - years Pak Pong-ju South Korea (List) 1948 - years Jung Hong-won Kosovo 1945 yes dates Hashim Thaçi Kuwait 1962 yes dates Sheikh Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah Kyrgyzstan 1924 - dates Djoomart Otorbaev Laos 1941 - years Thongsing Thammavong Latvia 1918 yes dates Laimdota Straujuma Lebanon 1926 - dates Tammam Salam Lesotho 1965 yes dates Tom Thabane Libya 1951 - dates Abdullah al-Thanay (acting) Liechtenstein 1921 yes dates Adrian Hasler Lithuania 1918 yes dates Algirdas Butkevičius Luxembourg 1959 - years Xavier Bettel Macedonia 1943 yes dates Nikola Gruevski Madagascar 1833 - dates Omer Beriziky Malawi 1963 yes dates (Post abolished) Malaysia 1957 yes years Dato Sri Najib Razak Mali 1957 yes dates Moussa Mara Malta 1921 yes years Joseph Muscat Isle of Man 1986 - years Allan Bell Mauritania 1957 yes dates Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf Mauritius 1961 yes dates Navin Ramgoolam Moldova 1990 - dates Iurie Leancă Monaco 1911 n/a dates Michel Roger Mongolia 1912 yes dates Norovyn Altankhuyag Montenegro 1879 yes dates Milo Đukanović Montserrat 1960 yes dates Reuben Meade Morocco 1955 yes years Abdelilah Benkirane Mozambique 1974 yes dates Alberto Vaquina Myanmar (Burma) 1948 yes dates (Post abolished) Nagorno-Karabakh 1992 no dates Arayik Harutyunyan Namibia 1990 yes dates Hage Geingob Nepal 1953 - dates Sushil Koirala Netherlands (List) 1848 yes dates Mark Rutte New Zealand (List) 1856 yes dates John Key Newfoundland 1855 yes dates (Post abolished) Niger 1958 yes dates Brigi Rafini Nigeria 1960 yes dates (Post abolished) Niue 1974 - dates Toke Talagi Norfolk Island 1896 - dates Lisle Snell Norway 1814 yes years Erna Solberg Pakistan (List) 1947 yes dates Nawaz Sharif Palestinian National Authority 2003 yes dates Rami Hamdallah Papua New Guinea 1975 yes years Peter ONeill Peru 1975 yes dates René Cornejo Philippines 1899 yes dates (Post abolished) Poland (List) 1917 - dates Donald Tusk Portugal (List) 1834 yes dates Pedro Passos Coelho Qatar 1970 - dates Sheikh Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani Romania 1862 - years Victor Ponta Russia (List) 1864/1905 yes dates Dmitry Medvedev Rwanda 1960 yes dates Pierre Habumuremyi Saint Kitts and Nevis 1960 - dates Denzil Douglas Saint Lucia 1960 - dates Kenny Anthony Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1956 - dates Ralph Gonsalves Samoa 1875 yes dates Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi São Tomé and Principe 1974 yes dates Gabriel Costa Saudi Arabia 1953 no dates King Abdullah Senegal 1957 yes dates Aminata Touré Serbia 1805 yes years Ivica Dačić Seychelles 1970 yes years (Post abolished) Sierra Leone 1954 yes dates (Post abolished) Singapore 1959 - dates Lee Hsien Loong Sint Maarten 2010 - dates Sarah Wescot-Williams Slovakia 1993 - dates Robert Fico Slovenia 1943 yes years Alenka Bratušek Solomon Islands 1949 yes dates Gordon Darcy Lilo Somalia 1949 yes dates Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed South Africa 1910 - dates (Post abolished) South Ossetia 1991 - dates Domenty Kulumbegov (acting) Spain (List) 1705 yes years Mariano Rajoy Sri Lanka (List) 1948 - dates D. M. Jayaratne Sudan 1952 yes dates (Post abolished) Suriname 1949 yes dates (Post abolished) Swaziland 1967 - years Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini Sweden (List) 1876 yes years Fredrik Reinfeldt Syria 1920 - dates Wael Nader Al-Halqi Taiwan (Republic of China) (List) 1911 - dates Jiang Yi-huah Tajikistan 1924 - dates Kokhir Rasulzoda Tanzania 1960 yes dates Mizengo Pinda Thailand (List) 1932 yes dates Yingluck Shinawatra Togo 1956 yes dates Kwesi Ahoomey-Zunu Tokelau 1992 - dates Kuresa Nasau Tonga 1876 - years Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō Transnistria 2012 yes dates Tatiana Turanskaya Trinidad and Tobago 1956 - dates Kamla Persad-Bissessar Tunisia 1969 - dates Mehdi Jomaa Turkmenistan 1924 - dates (Post abolished) Turkey (List) 1920 yes dates Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Turks and Caicos Islands 1976 yes dates Rufus Ewing Tuvalu 1975 n/a dates Enele Sopoaga Uganda 1961 yes dates Amama Mbabazi Ukraine (List) 1917 - dates Arseniy Yatsenyuk United Arab Emirates 1971 - years Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum United Kingdom (List) 1721 yes dates David Cameron Uzbekistan 1924 - dates Shavkat Mirziyoyev Vanuatu 1980 yes dates Moana Carcasses Kalosil Vatican 1644 - years Cardinal Pietro Parolin Vietnam 1976 yes dates Nguyễn Tấn Dũng Yemen 1990 yes years Mohammed Basindawa Western Sahara 1976 no years Abdelkader Taleb Oumar Zambia 1964 yes dates (Post abolished) Zimbabwe 1923 - dates (Post abolished) See also[edit] Chancellor Chief Minister Governor-General Head of state Monarch President Lists: List of current heads of state and government List of democracy and election-related topics Footnotes[edit] ^ Contrary to popular perception, the two posts are separate and need not be held by the one person. The last prime minister not to be First Lord of the Treasury was Lord Salisbury at the turn of the 20th century. 10 Downing Street is actually the First Lords residence, not the Prime Ministers. As Salisbury was not First Lord, he had to live elsewhere as prime minister. ^ Although the roles of the Spanish head of government coincide with the definition of a prime minister, in Spain the position is in fact referred to as the Presidency of the Government ^ Privy Council Members. The Privy Council Office. Retrieved 19 Sep 2009. v t e Titles used for heads of government Chancellor Chief Executive Chief Minister First Minister (and deputy First Minister) Minister-President Premier President President of the Executive Council President of the Council of Ministers President of the Government Prime Minister State Elder Statsminister Taoiseach v t e Prime minister Prime Ministers by country Abkhazia Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Armenia Aruba Australia Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Bermuda Bhutan Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo (Kinshasa) Cook Islands Croatia Cuba Curaçao Northern Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica East Timor Egypt Equatorial Guinea Estonia Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France Ghana Georgia Greece Greenland Grenada Guinea Guyana Haiti Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya North Korea South Korea Kosovo Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malaysia Malta Mauritius Moldova Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Myanmar (Burma) Nagorno-Karabakh Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Niue Norway Pakistan Papua New Guinea Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa São Tomé and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Singapore Sint Maarten Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Ossetia Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Swaziland Sweden Syria Taiwan (Republic of China) Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkmenistan Turkey Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vietnam Yemen Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe Retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&oldid=604212247 Categories: Prime ministers Heads of government Titles Government ministers Hidden categories: Articles lacking in-text citations from June 2012 All articles lacking in-text citations Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2014 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March 2014 Articles with unsourced statements from August 2008 Articles containing non-English-language text Articles containing Spanish-language text Articles containing Italian-language text Articles with unsourced statements from May 2010 Articles using fixed number of columns in reflist Navigation menu Personal tools Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history Actions Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikimedia Shop Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Data item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Afrikaans አማርኛ العربية Asturianu Azərbaycanca বাংলা Bân-lâm-gú Беларуская Беларуская (тарашкевіца) Български Bosanski Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Eesti Ελληνικά Español Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge Gàidhlig Galego ગુજરાતી 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Ilokano Bahasa Indonesia ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ/inuktitut Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa Къарачай-малкъар ქართული Қазақша Kiswahili ລາວ Latina Latviešu Lingála Magyar Македонски Malagasy
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