The right of indigenous peoples in Sudan The United Nations Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) is now the key defining reference document guiding engagements with Indigenous Peoples. The UNDRIP was Initiated in 1982 by a Working Group on Indigenous Population within the UN Economic and Social Council, and UNDRIP was ratified 25 years later by the UN, in 2007. UNDRIP addresses the issues that face historically-marginalized Indigenous Peoples by confirming their rights to self-determination and human rights, with freedom from racial discrimination, forced assimilation and forced relocation, and supporting their freedom to their own decision-making mechanisms, cultural heritage, language, religion, cultural diversity, education, and identity, as well as their rights to resources and land, traditional knowledge, land use planning, and gender equality among the key rights, that nations and others have obligations to recognize and support The successful passage of the UNDRIP in 2007 was largely accomplished by the strengthening of Indigenous Peoples Organizations (IPOs) from grassroots to sub regional, national and international levels over the past three decades. This institutional strengthening was driven by indigenous leaders and their grassroots constituents with limited support from external donors.. The sectoral intersection of IPs and conservation is not only defined by geographic overlap of biodiversity distribution but by also a geographic overlap with invisible local civil society institutions that govern local relationships. At an even more invisible level, these geographic spaces are filled with human rights comprised of an indivisible bundle of civil, economic, cultural, political, property and environmental rights. Individuals and groups holding the rights are rights holders or rights bearers. All in the rights holders´ environment are duty-bearers who carry obligations to act to protect human rights directly and to create the conditions for other duty-bearers to fulfill their responsibilities, even in the absence of national legislation or regulations protecting human rights Coulter et al 2009). According to international law, human rights cannot be negated by states, nor can states negate duty-bearers´ responsibilities to uphold human rights. Human rights duty-bearers include donors and NGOs. Duty-bearers fulfill their duties by working together with rights holders to create and use systems to prevent / redress violations, creating a positive feedback loop to consolidate norms and accountability that support healthy civil society. Rights are violated by duty bearers who fail to act on their responsibilities
Posted on: Thu, 19 Sep 2013 13:26:05 +0000
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