PHP Interview Questions Part-1 Advertisements 1. What are the differences between GET and POST methods in form submitting, give the case where we can use get and we can use post methods? On the server side, the main difference between GET and POST is where the submitted is stored. The $_GET array stores data submitted by the GET method. The $_POST array stores data submitted by the POST method. On the browser side, the difference is that data submitted by the GET method will be displayed in the browsers address field. Data submitted by the POST method will not be displayed anywhere on the browser. GET method is mostly used for submitting a small amount and less sensitive data. POST method is mostly used for submitting a large amount or sensitive data. Click Here to read more about GET & POST in PHP ________________________________________ 2. Who is the father of php and explain the changes in php versions? Rasmus Lerdorf For version changes go to php.net/ Marco Tabini is the founder and publisher of php|architect. ________________________________________ 3. How can we submit from without a submit button? We can use a simple JavaScript code linked to an event trigger of any form field. In the JavaScript code, we can call the document.form.submit() function to submit the form. ________________________________________ 4. How many ways we can retrieve the date in result set of mysql Using php? As individual objects so single record or as a set or arrays. ________________________________________ 5. What is the difference between mysql_fetch_object and mysql_fetch_array? MySQL fetch object will collect first single matching record where mysql_fetch_array will collect all matching records from the table in an array. ________________________________________ 6. What is the difference between $message and $$message? They are both variables. But $message is a variable with a fixed name. $$message is a variable whos name is stored in $message. For example, if $message contains var, $$message is the same as $var. ________________________________________ 7. What are the differences between require and include, include_once? File will not be included more than once. If we want to include a file once only and further calling of the file will be ignored then we have to use the PHP function include_once(). This will prevent problems with function redefinitions, variable value reassignments, etc. ________________________________________ 8. What are the different tables present in mysql? Total 5 types of tables we can create 1. MyISAM 2. Heap 3. Merge 4. InnoDB 5. ISAM 6. BDB MyISAM is the default storage engine as of MySQL 3.23. ________________________________________ 9. How can I execute a php script using command line? Just run the PHP CLI (Command Line Interface) program and provide the PHP script file name as the command line argument. For example, php myScript.php, assuming php is the command to invoke the CLI program. Be aware that if your PHP script was written for the Web CGI interface, it may not execute properly in command line environment. ________________________________________ 10. What is meant by nl2br()? Nl2br Inserts HTML line breaks before all newlines in a string string nl2br (string); For example: echo nl2br(god bless you) will output god bless you to your browser. ________________________________________ 11. What are the current versions of apache, php, and mysql? PHP: php 5.3 MySQL: MySQL 5.5 Apache: Apache 2.2 ________________________________________ 12. What are the reasons for selecting lamp (Linux, apache, mysql, php) instead of combination of other software programs, servers and operating systems? All of those are open source resource. Security of linux is very very more than windows. Apache is a better server that IIS both in functionality and security. Mysql is world most popular open source database. PHP is more faster that asp or any other scripting language. ________________________________________ 13. How can we encrypt and decrypt a data present in a mysql table using mysql? AES_ENCRYPT () and AES_DECRYPT () ________________________________________ 14. How can we encrypt the username and password using php? You can encrypt a password with the following Mysql>SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD(Password); We can encode data using base64_encode($string) and can decode using base64_decode($string); ________________________________________ 15. What are the different types of errors in php? o E_ERROR: A fatal error that causes script termination o E_WARNING: Run-time warning that does not cause script termination o E_PARSE: Compile time parse error. o E_NOTICE: Run time notice caused due to error in code o E_CORE_ERROR: Fatal errors that occur during PHPs initial startup (installation) o E_CORE_WARNING: Warnings that occur during PHPs initial startup o E_COMPILE_ERROR: Fatal compile-time errors indication problem with script. o E_USER_ERROR: User-generated error message. o E_USER_WARNING: User-generated warning message. o E_USER_NOTICE: User-generated notice message. o .E_STRICT: Run-time notices. o E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR: Catchable fatal error indicating a dangerous error o E_ALL: Catches all errors and warnings ________________________________________ 16. What is the functionality of the function htmlentities? Answer: htmlentities Convert all applicable characters to HTML entities This function is identical to htmlspecialchars() in all ways, except with htmlentities(), all characters which have HTML character entity equivalents are translated into these entities. ________________________________________ 17. What is meant by urlencode and urldocode? Urlencode() returns the URL encoded version of the given string. URL coding converts special characters into % signs followed by two hex digits. For example: urlencode(10.00%) will return 10%2E00%25?. URL encoded strings are safe to be used as part of URLs. urldecode() returns the URL decoded version of the given string. ________________________________________ 18. What is the difference between the functions unlink and unset? Unlink() deletes the given file from the file system. unset() makes a variable undefined. ________________________________________ 19. How can we register the variables into a session? We can use the session_register ($ur_session_var) function. ________________________________________ 20. How can we get the properties (size, type, width, height) of an image using php image functions? To know the Image type use exif_imagetype () function To know the Image size use getimagesize () function To know the image width use imagesx () function To know the image height use imagesy() function ________________________________________ 21. What is the maximum size of a file that can be uploaded using php and how can we change this? You can change maximum size of a file set upload_max_filesize variable in php.ini file. ________________________________________ 22. How can we increase the execution time of a php script? Set max_execution_time variable in php.ini file to your desired time in second. ________________________________________ 23. How can we take a backup of a mysql table and how can we restore it.? Create a full backup of your database: shell> mysqldump tab=/path/to/some/diropt db_name Or: shell> mysqlhotcopy db_name /path/to/some/dir The full backup file is just a set of SQL statements, so restoring it is very easy: shell> mysql .Executed; mysql_close($link2); ________________________________________ 24. How many ways can we get the value of current session id? session_id() function returns the session id for the current session. ________________________________________ 25. How can we destroy the session, how can we unset the variable of a session? session_destroy and session_unset PHP Interview Questions Part-2 Advertisements 1. How can we destroy the cookie? Set same the cookie in past ________________________________________ 2. What is the difference between ereg_replace() and eregi_replace()? eregi_replace() function is identical to ereg_replace() except that this ignores case distinction when matching alphabetic characters.eregi_replace() function is identical to ereg_replace() except that this ignores case distinction when matching alphabetic characters. ________________________________________ 3. How can we know the count/number of elements of an array? 2 ways a) sizeof($urarray) This function is an alias of count() b) count($urarray) interestingly if u just pass a simple var instead of a an array it will return 1. ________________________________________ 4. What is the maximum length of a table name, database name, and fieldname in mysql? Database name- 64 Table name -64 Fieldname-64 ________________________________________ 5. How many values can the SET function of mysql takes? Mysql set can take zero or more values but at the maximum it can take 64 values ________________________________________ 6. What is maximum size of a database in mysql? If the operating system or filesystem places a limit on the number of files in a directory, MySQL is bound by that constraint. The efficiency of the operating system in handling large numbers of files in a directory can place a practical limit on the number of tables in a database. If the time required to open a file in the directory increases significantly as the number of files increases, database performance can be adversely affected. The amount of available disk space limits the number of tables. MySQL 3.22 had a 4GB (4 gigabyte) limit on table size. With the MyISAM storage engine in MySQL 3.23, the maximum table size was increased to 65536 terabytes (2567 †1 bytes). With this larger allowed table size, the maximum effective table size for MySQL databases is usually determined by operating system constraints on file sizes, not by MySQL internal limits. The InnoDB storage engine maintains InnoDB tables within a tablespace that can be created from several files. This allows a table to exceed the maximum individual file size. The tablespace can include raw disk partitions, which allows extremely large tables. The maximum tablespace size is 64TB. The following table lists some examples of operating system file-size limits. This is only a rough guide and is not intended to be definitive. For the most up-to-date information, be sure to check the documentation specific to your operating system. Operating System File-size Limit Linux 2.2-Intel 32-bit 2GB (LFS: 4GB) Linux 2.4+ (using ext3 filesystem) 4TB Solaris 9/10 16TB NetWare w/NSS filesystem 8TB Win32 w/ FAT/FAT32 2GB/4GB Win32 w/ NTFS 2TB (possibly larger) MacOS X w/ HFS+ 2TB ________________________________________ 7. What is meant by MIME? Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions. WWW ability to recognise and handle files of different types is largely dependent on the use of the MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) standard. The standard provides for a system of registration of file types with information about the applications needed to process them. This information is incorporated into Web server and browser software, and enables the automatic recognition and display of registered file types. ________________________________________ 8. What is meant by PEAR in php? PEAR is short for PHP Extension and Application Repository and is pronounced just like the fruit. The purpose of PEAR is to provide: A structured library of open-sourced code for PHP users A system for code distribution and package maintenance A standard style for code written in PHP The PHP Foundation Classes (PFC), The PHP Extension Community Library (PECL), A web site, mailing lists and download mirrors to support the PHP/PEAR community PEAR is a community-driven project with the PEAR Group as the governing body. The project has been founded by Stig S. Bakken in 1999 and quite a lot of people have joined the project since then. pear.php.net/manual/en/about.pear.php ________________________________________ 9. What are the differences between mysql_fetch_array(), mysql_fetch_object(), mysql_fetch_row()? Mysql_fetch_array Fetch a result row as an associative array, a numeric array, or both. mysql_fetch_object ( resource result ) Returns an object with properties that correspond to the fetched row and moves the internal data pointer ahead. Returns an object with properties that correspond to the fetched row, or FALSE if there are no more rows mysql_fetch_row() fetches one row of data from the result associated with the specified result identifier. The row is returned as an array. Each result column is stored in an array offset, starting at offset 0. ________________________________________ 10. What is PHP? PHP Version 3.0 is an HTML-embedded scripting language. Much of its syntax is borrowed fromC, Java and Perl with a couple of unique PHP-specific features thrown in. The goal of the language is to allow web developers to write dynamically generated pages quickly. ________________________________________ 11. What is the difference between include and require? If you require a file and it cannot be found, the script will terminate with a fatal error. If you use include then you will get an error but the script will continue to execute. Therefore when the information you wish to reference from another file is essential to the correct running of a page, use require. Click Here to read more about include and require in PHP ________________________________________ 12. Is PHP a case sensitive programming language? PHP is a partially case sensitive programming language. We can use function names, class names in case insensitive manner. ________________________________________ 13. What is mean by LAMP? LAMP means combination of Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP. ________________________________________ 14. How do you get the users ip address in PHP? Using the server variable: $_SERVER[REMOTE_ADDR] ________________________________________ 15. How to find the number of elements in an array? Using count($array) or sizeof($array). ________________________________________ 16. How do you make one way encryption for your passwords in PHP? Using md5 function or sha1 function ________________________________________ 17. What is meant by PEAR in php? Answer1: PEAR is the next revolution in PHP. This repository is bringing higher level programming to PHP. PEAR is a framework and distribution system for reusable PHP components. It eases installation by bringing an automated wizard, and packing the strength and experience of PHP users into a nicely organised OOP library. PEAR also provides a command-line interface that can be used to automatically install packages Answer2: PEAR is short for PHP Extension and Application Repository and is pronounced just like the fruit. The purpose of PEAR is to provide: A structured library of open-sourced code for PHP users A system for code distribution and package maintenance A standard style for code written in PHP The PHP Foundation Classes (PFC), The PHP Extension Community Library (PECL), A web site, mailing lists and download mirrors to support the PHP/PEAR community PEAR is a community-driven project with the PEAR Group as the governing body. The project has been founded by Stig S. Bakken in 1999 and quite a lot of people have joined the project since then. ________________________________________ 18. How can we repair a MySQL table? The syntex for repairing a mysql table is: REPAIR TABLE tablename REPAIR TABLE tablename QUICK REPAIR TABLE tablename EXTENDED This command will repair the table specified. If QUICK is given, MySQL will do a repair of only the index tree. If EXTENDED is given, it will create index row by row. ________________________________________ 19. What is the difference between echo and print statement? echo() can take multiple expressions, print cannot take multiple expressions. Print return true or false based on success or failure whereas echo just does what its told without letting you know whether or not it worked properly. ________________________________________ 20. What Is a Session? A session is a logical object created by the PHP engine to allow you to preserve data across subsequent HTTP requests. There is only one session object available to your PHP scripts at any time. Data saved to the session by a script can be retrieved by the same script or another script when requested from the same visitor. Sessions are commonly used to store temporary data to allow multiple PHP pages to offer a complete functional transaction for the same visitor. Session stored in server. ________________________________________ 21. Explain about PHP looping? Looping statements are used in PHP to execute the code for a developer defined number of times. PHP has these following looping statements they are while, do while, for and for each. Foreach is used to loop a block of code in each element in an array. Click Here to read more about Looping in PHP ________________________________________ 22. What is triggers ? Does MySQL supports it ? A trigger is a database object which is associated with particular database table. Triggers gets called automatically when particular event(INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) occurs on table. In MySQL, Triggers gets supported after MySQL 5.0.2 ________________________________________ 23. What is difference between mysql_connect and mysql_pconnect ? Mysql_connect opens up a database connection every time a page is loaded. mysql_pconnect opens up a connection, and keeps it open across multiple requests. Mysql_pconnect uses less resources, because it does not need to establish a database connection every time a page is loaded. ________________________________________ 24. What are the differences between mysql_fetch_array(), mysql_fetch_object(), mysql_fetch_row() ? Mysql_fetch_array - Fetch a result row as an associative array and a numeric array. mysql_fetch_object - Returns an object with properties that correspond to the fetched row and moves the internal data pointer ahead. Returns an object with properties that correspond to the fetched row, or FALSE if there are no more rows mysql_fetch_row() - Fetches one row of data from the result associated with the specified result identifier. The row is returned as an array. Each result column is stored in an array offset, starting at offset 0. ________________________________________ 25. What are the different types of errors in PHP ? Here are three basic types of runtime errors in PHP: 1. Notices: These are trivial, non-critical errors that PHP encounters while executing a script - for example, accessing a variable that has not yet been defined. By default, such errors are not displayed to the user at all - although you can change this default behavior. 2. Warnings: These are more serious errors - for example, attempting to include() a file which does not exist. By default, these errors are displayed to the user, but they do not result in script termination. 3. Fatal errors: These are critical errors - for example, instantiating an object of a non-existent class, or calling a non-existent function. These errors cause the immediate termination of the script, and PHPs default behavior is to display them to the user when they take place. Internally, these variations are represented by twelve different error types ________________________________________ 26. What are the features and advantages of OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING? One of the main advantages of OO programming is its ease of modification; objects can easily be modified and added to a system there by reducing maintenance costs. OO programming is also considered to be better at modeling the real world than is procedural programming. It allows for more complicated and flexible interactions. OO systems are also easier for non-technical personnel to understand and easier for them to participate in the maintenance and enhancement of a system because it appeals to natural human cognition patterns. For some systems, an OO approach can speed development time since many objects are standard across systems and can be reused. Components that manage dates, shipping, shopping carts, etc. can be purchased and easily modified for a specific system.
Posted on: Sun, 24 Nov 2013 13:20:42 +0000
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