‘An African American Paternal Lineage Adds an Extremely Ancient Root to the Human Y Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree’ Maggs Strong and NeebeerDjeer Neeb NaaHuh Djaat, lets get down to the brass tacks of this situation. Toriano ObaShango-El Jay Choctaw ‘An African American Paternal Lineage Adds an Extremely Ancient Root to the Human Y Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree’ “We report the discovery of an African American Y chromosome that carries the ancestral state of all SNPs that defined the basal portion of the Y chromosome phylogenetic tree.” “The A00 lineage was discovered in a large database of consumer samples of African Americans and has not been identified in traditional hunter-gatherer populations from sub-Saharan Africa.” “A median-joining network shows that the African American A00 lineage is 11 mutational steps from the nearest Mbo and that the maximum difference between any pair of Mbo is nine steps” This is representative of this being an American lineage. The Mbo samples were already on deck. Geneticists didnt know that A00 carries the ancestral state of all SNPs until they analysed or found that in this American’s genome. And, it wasnt until this discovery that the geneticists were able to ascertain that the American is 11 mutational steps away from Mbo, with the nearest Mbo maximum difference between any pair of Mbo being nine steps. This denotes the American’s A00 is older. “We also estimated the level of variation among nine A00 lineages (i.e., including one additional Mbo individual) by using a battery of 95 Y-STRs for which all individuals had no missing data. A median-joining network shows that the African American A00 lineage is 11 mutational steps from the nearest Mbo and that the maximum difference between any pair of Mbo is nine steps.” In the attached pic, this is an illustration of how genetically distant the Americans A00 is in comparison to the Mbo’s A00. That 11 step mutational difference, coupled with the fact that this wasnt established until the discovery and analysis of the American A00 is really saying the American A00 predates the Mbo A00. Also, where it states the following: “Although we identified the A00 lineage in an African American, the unusual Y-STR profile associated with this individual’s Y chromosome allowed us to identify the same divergent lineage in a single ethnic group living in a small region of western Cameroon. Interestingly, contrary to previous Y chromosome and mtDNA studies, we did not identify the most basal lineage in a traditional hunter-gatherer population, such as the Khoisan or Pygmies.” Interesting commentary and once again, further evidence that what was thought to be the oldest populations in the world (Khoisan and Pygmies) are in fact younger than and predated by the American’s A00. To reiterate, the unusual Y-STR profile associated with this individual’s Y chromosome allowed us to identify the same divergent lineage in a single ethnic group living in a small region of western Cameroon. How is that? If A00 is Mbo, it should be that the Mbos Y chromosome allowed them to identify the same divergent lineage in an American, but that isnt the case. The Ameircan A00 allowed them to identify similarities in a small region of western Cameroon. “Genotyping of a DNA sample that was submitted to a commercial genetic-testing facility demonstrated that the Y chromosome of this African American individual carried the ancestral state of all known Y chromosome SNPs.” “We identified 11 Y chromosomes that were invariant and identical to the A00 chromosome at five of the six Y-STRs (2 of the 11 chromosomes carried DYS19-16, whereas the others carried DYS19-15).“ “These 11 chromosomes were all found in a sample of 174 (∼6.3%) Mbo individuals from western Cameroon. Seven of these Mbo chromosomes were available for further testing, and the genotypes were found to be identical at 37 of 39 SNPs known to be derived on the A00 chromosome” The above quoted sections from the paper are extremely interesting and very important. Because, once again, the Y chromosome of this American carries the ancestral state of all known Y chromosome SNPs. It didnt say the Mbos Y chromosomes carries the ancestral state of all known Y chromosomes, it said the American individual carries the ancestral state of all known Y chromosome SNPs. Identifying chromosomes at five of the six Y-STRs, particularly when 9 of the 11 chromosomes didnt match at allele ‘DYS19’, is not a match at all. Also, only six Y-STRs is not a sufficient haplotype. Twelve is a good number of short tandem repeats for a more informational haplotype. They already had samples from 174 Mbo individuals, but were only able to identify similarities in 11 chromosomes, respectively 11 out of 174, which is only 6.3% of the Mbo samples. If A00 origins were in fact with the Mbo people, A00 would more than likely be endemic to the Mbo, but it’s not. Then it goes on to state, “Seven of these Mbo chromosomes were available for further testing, and the genotypes were found to be identical at 37 of 39 SNPs known to be derived on the A00 chromosome”. This actually means that only 7 out of the 174 Mbo samples were identical at 37 of 39 SNPs. This does not denote that the American A00 and the Mbo A00 are the same or that they are the same people and surely doesnt equate to the American A00 deriving from the Mbo. In fact, the evidence suggests the opposite. In closing, it was reported, the discovery of an African American Y chromosome that carries the ancestral state of all SNPs that defined the basal portion of the Y chromosome phylogenetic tree.” Looks like genetic Adam is from the Carolinas :-) The next step is to research this individuals or his familys genealogy, because theres no doubt, hes somehow been affiliated with some slave tall tale on some ole southern plantation. sciencedirect/science/article/pii/S0002929713000736
Posted on: Thu, 30 Oct 2014 11:06:42 +0000
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