Continuation of Effects of Cell Phone Radio frequency Signal Exposure on Brain Glucose Metabolism RESULTS ABSTRACT | METHODS | RESULTS | CONCLUSIONS | ARTICLE INFORMATION | REFERENCES Whole-brain glucose metabolism did not differ between conditions, which for the off condition corresponded to 41.2 μmol/100 g per minute (95% confidence interval [CI], 39.5-42.8) and for the on condition to 41.7 μmol/100 g per minute (95% CI, 40.1-43.3). However, there were significant regional effects. Specifically, the SPM comparisons14 on the absolute metabolic measures showed significant increases (35.7 vs 33.3 μmol/100 g per minute for the on vs off conditions, respectively; mean difference, 2.4 [95% CI, 0.67-4.2]; P = .004) in a region that included the right orbitofrontal cortex (BA 11/47) and the lower part of the right superior temporal gyrus (BA 38) (Figure 2 and Table 2). No areas showed decreases. Similar results were obtained for the SPM analysis of the normalized metabolic images (normalized to whole-brain glucose metabolism), which also showed significant increases (1.048 vs 0.997 for the on vs off conditions, respectively; mean difference, 0.051 [95% CI, 0.017-0.091]; P < .001) in a region that included right orbitofrontal cortex and right superior temporal gyrus (BA 38) (Figure 2). Figure 2. Brain Glucose Metabolic Images Showing Axial Planes at the Level of the Orbitofrontal Cortex Images are from a single participant representative of the study population. Glucose metabolism in right orbitofrontal cortex (arrowhead) was higher for the “on” than for the “off” condition (see “Methods” for description of conditions). jama.jamanetwork/data/journals/jama/18287/m_jpc15002f2.png View Large | Save Figure | Download Slide (.ppt) Table 2. Statistical Parametric Mapping For Brain Regions Showing Higher Glucose Metabolism With Cellular Telephone On Than Off jama.jamanetwork/data/journals/jama/18287/m_jpc15002t2.png View Large | Save Table | Download Slide (.ppt) The regression analysis between cell phone–related increases in metabolism (Δ18FDG) and E revealed a significant positive correlation both for the absolute metabolic measures (R = 0.95, P < .001) and the normalized metabolic measures (R = 0.89, P < .001) (Figure 3). This indicates that the regions expected to have the greater absorption of RF-EMFs from the cell phone exposure were the ones that showed the larger increases in glucose metabolism. Figure 3. Measures of Absolute and Normalized Glucose Metabolism and Correlation Between Estimated Electromagnetic Field Amplitudes and Increases in Measures (N = 47 Participants) A and B, Mean measures of absolute glucose metabolism (μmol/100 g per minute) and normalized glucose metabolism (region/whole brain; units cancel) in regions with increased metabolism during “on” vs “off” conditions (see “Methods” for description of conditions) in the brain area within the spherical constraint, E0/2 < E (r) < E0 (where E0 indicates maximal field value and E (r) indicates amplitude of the theoretical electromagnetic field) and the E (r) emitted by the antenna of the right cellular telephone. Absolute = 40 clusters; 2000 voxels were activated within searching volume and grouped into clusters of 50 voxels each; normalized = 48 clusters; 2400 voxels were activated within searching volume and grouped into clusters of 50 voxels each. Range of variability (95% confidence interval [CI]): 9-21 μmol/100 g per minute (panel A) and 0.29-0.57 (panel B). C and D, Regression lines between cell phone–related increases in absolute and normalized glucose metabolism (both expressed as % change from the off condition) in brain regions within the spherical constraint, E0/2 < E (r) < E0, and the theoretical electric field, E (r), emitted by the antenna of the right cell phone. Increases significantly correlated with estimated electromagnetic field amplitudes (absolute: R = 0.95, P < .001; normalized: R = 0.89, P < .001). Data markers indicate mean metabolic measures; error bars, 95% CIs. Linear regression lines were fitted to the data using Interactive Data Language version 6.0. jama.jamanetwork/data/journals/jama/18287/s_jpc15002f3.png
Posted on: Tue, 18 Mar 2014 10:02:37 +0000
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