©©Which are different stages. It was possible to supervise those sites in turns in Retta Ayyenachew B.C site, the enter observed and supervised so many works at all blocks ; (metal workshop blocks, wood work shop blocks, and craft workshop bocks) . But the intern spent their time more on supervision with carpenter,assistant carpenter,mason, bartender,and with forman by assisting him on reading and interpreting the architectural and structural drawing. So I have gotten so many theoretical and practical knoledge and also the way how tod manage and communicate at constriction site with workers, I understand and I have heard so mach names including ; - silletta -kebeletto - sponda - berga - gancho -seggetto - bohaqa -sttaffa -tumbi - massa Those names are commen from one country to another country and also one carpenter communicate with another catpenter and same mason with another mason and also the forman and engineers even communicate by those names, The enterns also communicated with werkers and engineera by those name. 4.3 WORK FLOW IN THE SECTION ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 4.4THE WORK PIECES OR WORK TASKS THAT I HAVE BEEN EXCITING in the given internship period I have been excuting into the following two parts [1] OFFICE WORK and [2] SITE WORK. (1) OFFICE WORK;- for one month of duration of my internship period the intern focus more on office work. Works that the entern done at the office. -looking different documents that are guides for the intern work - reading architectural and structural drawings. -Take off sheet. -design of formwork for; =beam =slab =toptie beam =floor slab And =roof slab - design of bars for each structural and non structural parts of the building and also calculation of its K.G it should be known that the kilogram converter which variesfor different bars having different diameter, the length of bar required and the number of the bar required. Then simply we can calculate kilogram calculation of bar required for that structure Unit weight=[(D^2)/162]*L where D=diameter of bar L=length of bar Then simply for each bar we use the above formula & we get ; 8mm Diameter =0.395kg/m 10mm Diameter =0.617kg/m 12 mm Diameter = 0.888kg/m 16 mm Diameter =1.579kg/m 20 mm Diameter =2.467kg/m 24 mm Diameter =3.855kg/m Design of volume of concrete &bars in shapes, size, diameters and quantifying their weights. The amount of concrete used for building can calculated before the construction process is started . This can be done in the following steps ; -the depth of colon, beam & slab, foundation pad and others like,stair details should be known in the plan. -the height, depth, length of the structure is know it is simple to calculate the volume of concrete If the volume is known, also the ratio of [cement: sand : aggregate] is pre determined and known ,so we can determined the amount of cement, sand and aggregate required for that building (2) SITE WORK The interns spent their remaining 3 months at the site on the supervision & assisting the companies personnel and other activities at the site for example that done on site:- -controlling the cement:sand:aggregate ratio for production of concrete. -by assisting the for man by guiding the architectural and structural drawing checking the dimension of columns &beams and also the depth of excavation . -controlling of arrangements of bars of the beams and columns. 4.5 ،PROCEDURES I HAVE BEEN USING WHILE PERFORMING MY WORK TASK for the duration of four month internship period of shewa robit in Tetta Ayyenachew building construction site , I decide to know the practical out put of all theoretical education that I attend at, past three years at Debrebirhan university. Specially building construction is my interest because of,it related with construction technology and management. It was my aim to look steeps from starting to finishing of the building procedure but, I have seen at Mr.Retta Ayyenachews company starting above gread beam. but eventually I got the chance to see in another site & I have seen all thing that I have lost it before at Retta Ayyenachew company. THE PROCEDURES I FOLLOW DURING IN THE INTERNSHIP TIME is as follows; -(1) building construction and -Quantity calculation [1] BUILDING CONSTRUCTION; in building construction before any work is started,(work in the site) at list the following requirement should satisfy for the site engineer which are;- -A site on which the building is build. -the owner should have permission from local authorities . -material which require for the work should be available. -availabilities of skilled labor for the construction depending on the construction building design & its materials needed for construction, its complexity the financial factor should be satisfied and also the availability professionals like skilledguide engineers, geologist who mainly study the bearing capacity of the soil at this point the building design is designed depending on the bearing capacity of the soil. After planning and designing of the building the following steeps takes place; - site clearing -setting out -excavation for foundation -concrete work -masonry work -compaction of selected soil -construction of beams,columns,slab. -stair -Roof [A] SITE CLEARANCE This stages includes the removal of trees , bushes, bigstones, grasses and other obstacles to allow movement of workers for smooth surveying and setting out works. This stage may includeexcavation up to 20 cm deep to remove organic matter of the soil if there is organic matter and it is done to make the site level if it is not level. After this stage is done the setting out stage flows. [2] EXCAVATION FOR FOUNDATION NOTE: before commencement of the excavation of trenches for foundation, setting out plan is prepared on a paper. The setting out planned is a dimensioned ground floor plan usually drawn to scale of 1:50 After the excavation is completed the lean concrete having thickness of 50 mm is casted & the form work for the footing pad is constructed. This lean concrete have an important function to protected the direct contact between the foundation pad and supporting soil, to protect the pad from the entrance of any materias from the soil to it and also which is important to make the surface below the pad is constructed. This form is a temporary structure that is required to support and form concrete. before the concrete is casted we should measure if the form work satisfies or not the following condition; (A) is should be strong enough to with stand all type of dead load and live load such as self weight, weight reinforcement,weight concrete, load due to work man construction equipment. Other incidental load and force caused by placement & consolidation of concrete imposed up or it during and after casting of concrete. (B) it should be rigidly and efficiently propped and braced both horizontally and vertically so as to retained it shape with out un due deflection. (C) the joint in the form work should be tight against leakage of cement grout. (D) it should be constructed in such a manner that it may permit the removal of various parts is desired sequence with out damaging the concrete. The material of form work should be cheap, easly available and should be suitable for re use several times. (E) it should be set accurately to desired line and levels should have plain surface. It should be as light as possible the material of form work should not warp or get distorted when exposed to sun rain or water during concreting. NOTE: In situation where concrete surface are not exposed as in the foundation under used timber can be used to reduced, cost after the form work is constructed the reinforcement is fitted in acriss-cross manner arrangements then concrete work started. [3] CONCRETE WORK concrete is and artificial material most commonly employed for small, aswell as large builds. It has gread strength built ought to be protected against large scale attacks by under ground water if not specially mixed. Concrete is a mixture of binding material(cement), fine aggregate (sand), course aggregate(crushed stone) and water pre ditermined proportion. We should take a care about the quality and proportion condition in this in gradients, because the over all strength of this concrete is depending on mainly on this ingredient. (A) CEMENT cement is a powdery materi R
Posted on: Thu, 16 Jan 2014 07:29:43 +0000
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