Popular Misconceptions about feeding active dogs 1) I need a high protein diet for an active dog. A) Not really. Traditionally it has been assumed that there is a high protein requirement for human and canine athletes, and there is evidence that requirements do rise for increased performance, but other constituents also need to be raised so that protein is not used preferentially for energy, but rather for tissue building and replacement. Very low protein levels increase the chance of injury. So a moderate increase in protein (over the normal maintenance diet) is recommended. 2) High carb diets are the way to go A) Human athletes load up the carbs during training, eating lots of pasta, but dogs are not humans (you may have noticed!) and their requirements for carbohydrates are not so high. So, if carbohydrates help people, why don’t they help canine athletes? The reasons are complex and involve differences in gait, cardiovascular physiology and energy metabolism. Dogs and humans just have differences. In fact, in the early seventies, it was observed that sled dogs fed high-carbohydrate rations actually had poor endurance and even a stiff gait while racing. In fact, it is fat that is the main requirement for good performance. Dogs fed on a higher fat diet are better able to utilize oxygen, and this has been demonstrated by detecting an increased number of mitochondria in the muscle cells of dogs fed a high fat ration. These are the furnaces of the cell. Some considerations 1) BODY CONDITION – Because the feeding of active dogs is not a precise science (there are so many levels of activity) you should always judge the success of a feeding regime against the general body condition chart. This is so important, and such an easy way of checking that things are going well. Using a feed which supplies more energy than the dog needs will lead to excess weight gain, which will compromise performance and can result in obesity, which is thought to be a predisposing factor in osteoarthritis. If your dog is only exercising infrequently then a maintenance diet might be appropriate, and certainly if the activity levels are seasonal then this should be the diet during resting periods. A quick test to see if your dog is fighting fit! VERY THIN Easily visible ribs, lower back and pelvic bones. No visible covering of fat, obvious waist and abdominal tuck. Absence of any muscle mass. OVERWEIGHT Ribs felt but with an excess covering of fat. Waist still observed from above but not as prominent. Abdominal tuck may be absent. THIN Easily felt ribs, minimum covering of fat, waist easily noted when viewed from above and visible abdominal tuck. OBESE Ribs not easily felt under a large covering of fat. Waist and abdominal tuck not discernible. Fat deposits on lower back and base of tail. May observe signs of obvious abdominal distension. IDEAL Ribs felt but without excess fat covering, waist noted behind ribs when viewed from above. Abdomen tucked up when viewed from the side. 2) DIGESTIBILITY – The digestibility of a diet is paramount for active dogs. Arleigh Reynolds, DVM, PhD, DACVN in a paper for Purina says ‘Intermediate canine athletes can vary in energy requirements depending on the sport in which they are participating, the environmental conditions and the frequency of exercise. However, diet digestibility should be at least 80% in order for the dogs to effectively metabolise and use the nutrients supplied by the food without excess faecal bulk and for them to be able to ingest enough calories to meet energy needs while in training and competing in athletic events. ‘The more energy dense the food is, the less voluminous the stool, which is advantageous in exercising dogs. Kronfeld et al estimated that racing sled dogs with full colons were handicapped equivalent to a jockey and racehorse being assessed a 20 lb handicap’ How do we know whether a food is highly digestible or not? Check the ingredients. Rice is more digestible than wheat or Soya, fish and chicken are more digestible than beef. Sticking with named types of meat rather than a generic ‘meat and animal derivative’ based diet means that there’s less chance of variability in digestibility. Some foods also use bulking agents such as sugar beet pulp, and you may want to consider whether or not this is desirable. 3) HYDRATION – An adequate supply of water is important during intense activity. Around 60% of heat dissipated by a dog during exercise is through water evaporation, and because dogs generally do not lose electrolytes by sweating as humans do, they don’t benefit from electrolyte replacement fluids. 4) WHEN TO FEED – Exercise affects gastrointestinal transit time and therefore can change nutrient digestion and absorption. It can also increase the heat loading on the dog’s body. Arleigh Reynolds recommends that intensely exercising dogs be fed approximately 24 hours before an intense exercise bout to help alleviate problems associated with a full colon. If the sporting activity in which they are participating is a multiple day event, then dogs should be fed as soon after exercise as possible so that they have the maximum amount of time to digest the meal before the next exercise bout. 5) WHAT TO FEED – Using a complete commercial diet makes life a lot simpler in calculating percentages. Home cooking or raw feeding are perfectly possible but may cause problems because they are less likely to offer the energy dense diet that is recommended. For the purposes of this article, and based upon the research undertaken by Iams and Purina, the following recommendations would seem to be appropriate. a) A highly digestible food which is nutrient dense (look for high quality ingredients) so as to allow for adequate supply of energy in a small volume of food (look at the feeding guide for the food on the bag) b) Moderately high protein, of good quality and higher fat content (when compared to normal maintenance diet) c) Good palatability (the dog must like the diet!) d) An appropriate balance of micro-nutrients (vitamins, antioxidants, minerals)
Posted on: Tue, 19 Aug 2014 00:01:24 +0000
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